Engineering-Cost-Management-and-Control工程造价管理控制大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

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　　文献、资料中文题目：工程造价管理控制

　　文献、资料英文题目：Engineering Cost Management and Control 文献、资料来源：

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　　翻译日期： 2017.02.14

　　本科毕业英文文献翻译

　　题 目 Research on Construction Project Cost Control Management

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　　英文原文

　　Engineering Cost Management and Control

　　Even under the WTO and China's accession to the world community，China's construction industry how to effectively control construction cost of the construction and management of an important component part. However，the current budget for the construction projects - estimate budget，Super budget accounts for the super three is still widespread and that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment. Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost.

　　As the project cost to the project runs through the entire process， stage by stage can be divided into Investment Decision stage，the design and implementation phases. The so-called Project Cost effective control is the optimization of the construction plans and design programs on the basis of in the building process at all stages，use of certain methods and measures to reduce the cost of the projects have a reasonable control on the scope and cost of the approved limits.

　　Engineering and cost management work of the current status of project cost management system was formed in the 1950s， 1980s perfect together. Performance of the country and directly involved in the management of economic activities. Provisions in the design stage to different estimates or budget preparation as well as government; Nothing relevant departments to formulate a budget， content， methods and approval， the budget will provide the fixed cost of equipment and materials and fixed price of the budget preparation， approval， management authority，and so on.

　　With the historical process， after recovery， reform and development， formed a relatively complete budget estimate of quota management system. However， as the socialist market economic development， the system's many problems have also exposed. Generally speaking， the budget estimate is based on direct participation in the management of national economic activity as a precondition. Enterprise is not the actual economic entities. Due to the

　　characteristics of the planned economy， and， at the time under the conditions of productivity， will inevitably become a shortage in the economy.

　　In severe shortage of commodities under the conditions，as long as a certain level of investment，will be certain outputs. In this environment，the project planning and technical argumentation there can be no economic analysis. State control of the project cost constitute key factors equipment and materials prices，wages and taxes of artificial distribution. In this relatively stable economic environment，the budget estimate for the system approved project cost，help the government to carry out investment plans to play a major role.

　　As the socialist market economic system established，requires us to predict project investment and control. In recent years，international investment project developed to the requirements of prior pre-control and in the middle of control. China，the traditional practice in

　　an objective light on the cause decision-making，implementation heavy，light the economy and technology，

　　First， the consequences of victimization， Due to the technical personnel of the project technical and economic concepts and a weak awareness of cost control， cost management makes the quality difficult to raise. Project Cost control is difficult to achieve long-term goals.

　　Second，the various stages of the project management view of the above circumstances， My first academia in the 1980s made the whole process of cost management and control concept，building departments will study the feasibility of projects and the budgets and final accounts to two extended at the request of the corresponding regulations put our cost

　　management concepts and methods referred to a new height.

　　Our task now is to be modern and cost management in line with China's national conditions of the market economy system goal，learn from the advanced experience of the developed countries，and establish sound market economic laws of project cost management system， efforts to increase the project cost levels. An investment decision-making phase of the project cost management construction project investment decision-making stage is proposed project proposals; conduct a feasibility study to determine investment estimation and the final

　　preparation of design task. At this stage，the project's technical and economic decision-making， of the construction project cost of the project after the completion of the economic benefits have a decisive influence，The construction cost is an important stage control.

　　China's current stage of the project cost for the project management for the purpose of

　　clearing price，and focusing only on the construction process of cost control，neglected before the start of the project investment decision-making stage of cost control. Investment

　　decision-making phase of investment projects is estimated an important basis for

　　decision-making. It has a direct impact on national economic and financial analysis of the results of the reliability and accuracy. Because of this phase is the preliminary work of projects，the information cannot be fully，comparable works more or less that information accumulated

　　relatively small，estimated inadequate and unscientific. Makes project cost management and cost workers is difficult at this stage do something.

　　The various stages of the project cost control in the decision-making phase project cost control. Right project planning phase of the cost，many owners have the wrong understanding that the lower the cost the better. Cost control is not a unilateral issue，and should be a number of factors，a combination of practical，comprehensive consideration. The construction project investment decision-making stage， the project's technical and economic decision-making， Cost of the project after the completion of the project and the economic benefits，with a decisive role in project cost control is an important stage，rationally define and control the direction of the project cost of accurate positioning and building Optimization guiding role.

　　In the decision-making phase of the most important is to do a good job feasibility study， the work is done well，returns on investment and can form a good proportion. Otherwise， invest more，less effective，resulting in loss of control and waste of investment.

　　At present，some of the projects planned the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility study on the lack of scientific proof. Feasibility Study untrue，false or engineering functions obtaining the approval of their superiors，actually put into the feasibility study will be awarded in the study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden

　　problems， lead to insufficient follow-up funds for the project and had to extend the time limit so that the project could not have planned the use of cost-effective，even become hopeless completion of the beard works.

　　Therefore，in order to phase in the investment decision-making effectively control

　　construction costs，we must do the following aspects:

　　ⅰImplementation of the construction project and corporate accountability，Construction of the project from planning to implementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people. in addition to establishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the departments in charge of the industry and supervision departments for setting up a monitoring group to oversee the use of funds.

　　ⅱA realistic approach to market analysis，to avoid the blindness of the project

　　decision-making，reduces and reduces investment risk. Fully consider building projects in the future market competitiveness，design task more scientific and reliability.

　　ⅲ Capital financing must have a formal commitment document，the parties must do investment funds in place，and funds must have documents to ensure that the project can be approved after the scheduled implementation. To the various loan conditions should be carefully analyzed to minimize the burden of interest and repayment pressure.

　　ⅳ To strengthen the engineering geology，hydrology，geology and land，water，electricity， transport，environmental projects such as external conditions for the work of depth to make the investment estimate there are sufficient grounds.

　　中文翻译

　　工程造价管理控制

　　即使在世贸组织和中国加入世界大家庭, 是中国建筑业如何有效地控制工程造价的建设和管理的一个重要组成部分。 然而,目前的年度预算为建设项目-概算,预算,超预算的三超现象仍然普遍存在,最终导致了严重失控项目投资。工程造价管理的基本内容,就是合理确定和有效控制工程造价。

　　作为这项工程的费用,以项目贯穿整个过程中, 按阶段可分为:投资决策阶段,设计和实施阶段。 所谓工程造价的有效控制, 在优化建设方案,设计方案的基础上,在建设过程的所有阶段使用某些方法和措施,以降低工程成本有一个合理控制的范围 和成本的核定限额。

　　工程造价管理制度形成于50年代, 80年代成熟起来，表现为国家直接参与管理经济活动。规定在设计阶段,以不同的概算或预算的编制以及政府，没有有关部门制订财政预算案、内容、方法和审批, 这份预算案将提供固定费用、设备和材料,采用固定价格的预算编制、审批、管理权限,等等。

　　随着历史进程经过恢复、改革和发展,形成了比较完备的概预算定额管理制度。 但是,随着社会主义市场经济的发展,制度的许多问题也暴露出来。一般来说,预算是基于直接参与管理国家的经济活动作为先决条件，企业并不是实际的经济实体，由于特征的计划经济体制,并在当时的条件下,生产力必将成为短缺经济。

　　严重的商品短缺的情况下,只要有一定程度的投资将产品产出。在这种环境下,项目的规划和技术论证就不可能有经济分析。国家控制的项目成本构成要素的设备和材料价格。在这种相对稳定的经济环境,财政预算的制度,核定工程造价, 帮助政府进行投资计划方面发挥了重大作用。

　　随着社会主义市场经济体制的确立,要求我们以预测项目的投资和控制。近年来,国际投资项目的发展要求,事前预控,事中控制。中国传统的做法,从客观的角度对事业的决策,执行重,轻经济。

　　首先,由于技术人员的工程技术和经济观念和意识淡薄 成本控制,成本管理,使质量难以提高。工程造价控制是很难达到的长远目标。

　　第二,各个阶段的项目管理鉴于上述情况,我国在八十年代提出了全过程的成本管理与控制的概念,建设部门将进行可行性研究和项目的预算和决算等,以扩大两国的请求的相应规定,我们把成本管理的观念和方法提到了一个新高度。

　　我们现在的任务是要与现代成本管理的,符合中国国情的市场经济的系统目标,借鉴先进发达国家的经验, 建立健全市场经济规律的工程造价管理体系,努力提高工程造价的水平。

　　投资决策阶段的工程造价管理建设项目投资决策阶段是提出项目建议书, 进行了可行性研究,确定投资估算,最终编制设计任务。在这个阶段,项目的技术和经济决策, 对建设项目工程造价的工程完成后的经济效益有着决定性的影响,建造成本是一个重要的阶段控制。