Engineering-failure-analysis工程故障分析毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

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　　文献、资料英文题目：Engineering failure analysis 文献、资料来源：

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　　翻译日期： 2017.02.14

　　The scale and complexity of computer-based safety critical systems, like those used in the transport and manufacturing industries, pose significant challenges for failure analysis. Over the last decade, research has focused on automating this task. In one approach, predictive models of system failure are constructed from the topology of the system and local component failure models using a process of composition. An alternative approach employs model-checking of state automata to study the effects of failure and verify system safety properties. In this paper, we discuss these two approaches to failure analysis. We then focus on Hierarchically Performed Hazard Origin Propagation Studies (HiP-HOPS) – one of the more advanced compositional approaches – and discuss its capabilities for automatic synthesis of fault trees, combinatorial Failure Modes and Effects Analyses, and reliability versus cost optimisation of systems via application of automatic model transformations.We summarise these contributions and demonstrate the application of HiP-HOPS on a simplified fuel oil system for a ship engine. In light of this example, we discuss strengths and limitations

　　Increasing complexity in the design of modern engineering systems challenges the applicability of rule-based design and classical safety and reliability analysis techniques. As new technologies introduce complex failure modes, classical manual analysis of systems becomes increasingly difficult and error prone.To address these difficulties, we have developed a computerised tool called ‘HiP-HOPS’ (Hierarchically Performed Hazard Origin Propagation Studies) that simplifies aspects of the engineering and analysis process. The central capability of this tool is the automatic synthesis of Fault Trees and Failure Modes and Effects Analyses (FMEAs) by interpreting reusable specifications of component failure in the context of a system model. The analysis is largely automated,requiring only the initial component failure data

　　to be provided, therefore reducing the manual effort required to examine safety; at the same time,the underlying algorithms can scale up to analyse complex systems relatively quickly, enabling the analysis of systems that would otherwise require partial or fragmented manual analyses.More recently, we have extended the above concept to solve a design optimisation problem: reliability versus cost optimisation via selection and replication of components and alternative subsystem architectures. HiP-HOPS employs genetic algorithms to evolve initial non-optimal designs into new designs that better achieve reliability requirements with minimal cost. By selecting different component implementations with different reliability and cost characteristics, or substituting alternative subsystem architectures with more robust patterns of failure behaviour, many solutions from a large design space can be explored and evaluated quickly. Our hope is that these capabilities, used in conjunction with computer-aided design and model ling tools, allow HiP-HOPS to facilitate the useful integration of a largely automated and simplified form of safety and reliability analysis in the context of an improved design process. This in turn will, we hope, address the broader issue of how to make safety a more controlled facet of the

　　HiP-HOPS is a compositional safety analysis tool that takes a set of local component failure data, which describes how output failures of those components are generated from combinations of internal failure modes and deviations received at the components’ inputs, and then synthesises fault trees that reflect the propagation of failures throughout the whole system.From those fault trees, it can generate both qualitative and quantitative results as well as a multiple failure mode FMEA

　　[35].A HiP-HOPS study of a system design typically has three main phases:

　　Modelling phase: system modelling failure annotation.

　　Although the first phase remains primarily manual in nature, the other phases are fully automated. The general process in HiP-HOPS is illustrated in Fig. 2 below: The first phase – system modelling failure annotation – consists of developing a model of the system (including hydraulic, electrical or electronic, mechanical systems, as well as conceptual block and data flow diagrams) and then annotating the components in that model with failure data. This phase is carried out using an external modelling tool or package compatible with HiP-HOPS. HiP-HOPS has interfaces to a number of different modelling tools, including Matlab Simulink, Eclipse-based UML tools, and particularly SimulationX. The latter is an engineering modelling simulation tool developed by ITI GmbH[36] with a fully integrated interface to HiP-HOPS. This has the advantage that existing system models, or at least models that would have been developed anyway in the course of the design process, can also be re-used for safety analysis purposes rather than having to develop a new model specific to safety. The second phase is the fault tree synthesis process. In this phase, HiP-HOPS automatically traces the paths of