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The Translation of Proper NamesWord

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The Translation of Proper NamesWord

  The Translation of Proper Names王爱琴 主讲

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord1

  Teaching

  aim: grasp the translation of proper

  names Teaching Teaching

  emphasis: names of persons, places and technical termsreferences:

  王爱琴,《英汉互译理论与实务》,2011; 方梦之,《翻译新论与实践》,2002;

  彭长江,英汉-汉英翻译教程,2004;

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord2

  Contents:I. Types of Proper NamesII. The translation of technical terms and other common nouns

  III. The translation of Chinese names ofpersons and places into EnglishR C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord3

  I. Types of Proper Names 1.

  names of persons

  2. 3. 4.

  names of placesnames of organizations names of worksR C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord4

  On

  behalf of the Chinese Government, Vice-

  Premier Wan Li accepts a “population clock”presented by Manfred Kulessa, UNrepresentative to China, at a meeting held on

  Saturday in Beijing to mark the “Day of 5Billion”. 在星期六举行的北京纪念世界“50亿人口日”

  集会上,万里副总理代表中国政府接受联合国 驻华代表孔雷飒赠送的一台“人口时钟”。R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord5

  1. Confusion Sir

  Isaac Newton 奈端 (牛顿)普式庚(普希金) 嚣俄/ 许俄(雨果) 诗家谷/支家哥(芝加哥) Hugo

  Pushkin Victor

  Chicago logic:

  “名学”(严复),“里则学”(孙中山)逻

  辑学 Philosophy:“致知”(马相伯),“道”(蔡元

  培)R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord6

  2. Causes of the confusion The

  great confusion comes from (1)the transliteration of all proper names from the English spelling and English pronunciation, (2) the variation in the spoken sound of the Chinese characters used in the translated names, (3) the great number of homonyms in Chinese, and (4) the mixed use of the old and new translated names.R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord7

  3. Remedy rules (1)

  Follow the pronunciation of the ownersUse the standard pronunciation of the Adopt the established popular translated

  of proper names;(名从主人) (2)

  Chinese character;(标准汉音) (3)

  names.(约定俗成)R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord8

  (1) Proper names to follow the pronunciation of their owners It

  is unquestionably true that all the proper

  names should be transliterated from the correct pronunciation of their owners. E.g. The French

  names should be transliterated directly from thecorrect French pronunciation. The Chinese translations of “England, France, Germany, Italy, London, Paris, Berlin and Rome” are correct ones according to this rule.R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord9

  (2) To Use the standard pronunciation of the Chinese character Chinese

  characters are all monosyllabic with

  a single sound. The only remedy for thisgreat confusion in translation is to fix

  certain Chinese characters to a certainsyllable of foreign names. This work has

  been done by the Hsinhwa News Agency.R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord10

  (3)To adopt the established popular translated na

  mes Some

  places have ancient and modern proper names have been well

  translated names Many

  translated, but there are also some persons

  and places mistransliterated. E.g.

  Oxford, Cambridge, BethuneR C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord11

  4. Translating methods:

  1. 先查

  李华驹《大英汉词典》,吴光华《汉英大词典》, Webster New Collegiate Dictionary, 辛华《英语姓名译名手册》, 《中国大百科全书》等 原则:约定俗成 2. 后译 1)区分有义无义

  2)译音R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord12

  II. The translation of technical terms and other common nouns Nothing

  gives the translator more trouble and more perplexity than the translation of technical terms of social, natural and military sciences. Technical terms, especially those of natural sciences ,were generally introduced to us first through transliteration and later, some have been substituted by their semantic translations such as telephone, penicillin, bourgeois, etc. Others which can hardly be translated semantically in a few Chinese characters retain their transliterations.R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord13

  They

  are: Soviet, radar, engine, etc.

  Most

  of the technical terms, especially those of military and social sciences, are translated semantically, such as jet plane, submarine, machine gun, guided missiles.the transliteration and the semantic translation, there is a third way of translating technical terms and other common nouns, i.e. to coin new Chinese characters if need be. typhoonR C updown

  Besides

  Coffee,

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord14

  For those nouns which denote things of foreign origin, there are five distinct ways of translation. 1)

  Pure transliteration

  Chocolate,

  morphine, sofa, trust, salon nylon

  吗啡,托拉斯 2)Pure

  semantic translation president(伯里玺天德), dead angle,R C updown

  Airplane,

  truthE

  The Translation of Proper NamesWord15

  3)

  Both transliteration and semantic translationUtopia, typhoon, romantic Transliteration with semantic translation at the end cigar, czar, carbine, jeep, card, flannel

  Club, 4)

  beer,

  啤酒,

  雪茄烟,沙皇,卡宾枪,吉普, 卡片,法兰绒R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord16

  5)

  Symbolical translation with a

  semantic explanation at the end Cross,

  pyramid, T-square, grape, fret,

  mattock 十字架,金字塔,丁字尺,葡萄弹,Ж

  字纹,鹤嘴锄R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord17

  The

  III. The translation of Chinese names of persons and places into English

  Wade-Giles System has been applied to the transliteration of Chinese words into English for a long time. Francis Wade, (the system was first published in1859), is the British Minister Plenipotentiary to China in the Qing Dynasty.

  Thomas

  Herbert

  A. Giles slightly modified the Wade spellings in his Chinese-English dictionary, which was turned up first in 1892.R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord18

  “chang” “Mao Mao The

  for “张”and “常”

  Tsetung” for “毛泽东”

  Zedong

  W

  ade-Gile system is not only unscientific, but fails to correctly convey the standard pronunciation of the Chinese language. Instead, it has caused serious complications and put the act of transliteration in great confusion.R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord19

  The

  draft resolution of using the Chinese

  phonetic alphabet as the international

  standard in Romanizing Chinesegeographical names was unanimously

  adopted at the third Session of the UnitedNations Conference on the

  standardization of geographical namesheld in Athens in 1977.R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord20

  When

  we translate some names containing or implying a special, certain meaning or nickname, we are to use semantic translation , or to translate them in a combination of semantic translation and transliteration. 姓和名的第一个英文字母要大写,在名姓 之间空一字符。 音节界限易混读者,应使用隔音符号。R C updown

  把汉语专名译成英语,有两点要特别注意: 1. 2.

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord21

  Translation of Proper Names 文章名称 书刊名称 影视名称

  公司名称 单位名称

  课程名称

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord22

  文章名称翻译 Translation of an article’s title 文章标题的类型(Types

  of articles’ titles)

  1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

  词组型标题 动宾型标题 陈述句标题 问句标题 带破折号或副标题的标题R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord23

  词组型标题例1. 哈代早期作品中关于婚姻问题的思想 Thomas Hardy’s View on Marriage Issues as Reflected in His Earlier Works.例2. 哈代后期小说与劳伦斯早期小说中的女性的 比较研究 A Comparative Study of the Women in Thomas Hardy’s later novels and http://www.wendangwang.comwrence’s early Novels

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  动宾型标题例3. 试论《简爱》的宗教意识 The religious Consciousness in Jane

  Eyre

  例4. 论林纾On Lin Shu, Father of Modern Chinese Literary Translation

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  带破折号或副标题的标题例5. 尊重客观规律 促进国民经济持续发展 —— 谈谈我国国民经济发展中的“两起两 落”On the “Two Ups and Two Downs” in the Development of Our National Economy

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  问题标题例7. 章太炎是什么派? The Political Stand of Zhang Taiyan 例8. 哈姆莱特是一位人文主义思想家吗? A Query of Hamlet as A Humanist

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  陈述句标题例9. 农业的现代化是扩大就业的物质基础 Modernization of Agriculture as the Material Basis for Enlarging Employment例10. 弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫是英国意识流小说家 Virginia Woolf as A Stream-ofConsciousness NovelistR C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord28

  翻译法 Translating methods1.

  适当利用减译法和增译法等翻译技巧,如减 译法:例1. 试论《简爱》的宗教意识 The religious Consciousness in Jane Eyre 例2. 尊重客观规律 促进国民经济持续发展 —— 谈谈我国国民经济发展中的“两起两落” On the “Two Ups and Two Downs” in the Development of Our Nation

  al EconomyR C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord29

  如增译法:例3. 论林纾On Lin Shu, Father of Modern Chinese Literary Translation

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord30

  2. 抓住主要内容,力求简洁例3. 试论英国小说《简爱》的宗教意识 The religious Consciousness in Jane

  Eyre

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  3. 以具体代替空泛例5. 尊重客观规律 促进国民经济持续发展 —— 谈谈我国国民经济发展中的“两起两落” On the “Two Ups and Two Downs” in the Development of Our National Economy

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  4. 利用短语代替汉语陈述句例9. 农业的现代化是扩大就业的物质基础 Modernization of Agriculture as the Material Basis for Enlarging Employment 例10. 弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫是英国意识流小说家 Virginia Woolf as A Stream-ofConsciousness NovelistR C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord33

  书名的翻译 Translation of a Book’s Title1.

  过去的译名,已沿用已久,影响深远, 广为人知,遵循“约定俗成”的原则, 继续使用它们。如《圣经》各书的译名: Genesis 《创世纪》,St. Mark 《马可福音》 Song of Solomon 《雅歌》 La Dame aux camlias 《茶花女》

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  2. 简短易记,文字优美,多用汉语四字成语或 四字格 All’s Well That Ends Well 《终成眷属》 Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》 Waterloo Bridge 《魂断蓝桥》 Gone with the Wind 《乱世佳人》R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord35

  3. 一名多译,择优而用,切勿乱译 《水浒传》 a. Water Margin b. All Men Are Brothers c. Heroes of the Marsh d. Outlaws of the Marsh 《红楼梦》 a. The Story of the Stone b. Dream of the Red Chamber c. A Dream of Red MansionsR C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord36

  Wuthering Heights a. 魂归离恨天 b. 呼啸山庄 c. 咆哮山庄 Gone with the Wind a. 随风而去 b. 飘 c. 乱世佳人 d. 往事如烟R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord37

  4. 弄清书名典故后,再决定译名 海明威的The Sun Also Rise,最初译为《太阳也升起》,后 改译为《太阳照样升起》。后者译名符合原名所依据的典 故。The sun also rise源自《圣经.传道书》中的一段话: One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh; but the earth abideth forever… The sun also ariseth, and the sun goes down, and hasteth to the place where he arose… (一代人逝去,又一代人降临,可地球运转不息, 太阳照样升起,照样落下,又慌忙赶回他那升起的家……) 这段话表达了人生短暂如梦,而宇宙万古如斯,恰好 表达了第一次世界大战之后西方青年迷惘的一代的心境。 因此,将原名译成《太阳照样升起》比较合适。

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  5. 英译小说习惯于用主人公的名字作为书名, 而我国小说则习惯于以书名概括内容或点明 要旨。翻译书名可考虑这一差异。a.

  Silas Marner 译成《织工马南传 》合乎我国习惯,因为它点出了马南是一个织工。

  b.

  The Adventure of Pinocchio 译为《木偶奇遇记》好

  于新译《碧诺基欧奇遇记》

  c.

  Oliver Twist 译为《雾都孤儿》优于《奥列佛.退斯特》R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord39

  6. 书名中地名亦可灵活翻译,点明内容a.

  Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》, 将专有名词wuthering音译,效果甚佳。

  b.

  Waterloo Bridge 《魂断蓝桥》,如直译《滑铁卢桥》易引起误解。

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  7. 为避免误解,可将书名活译a. 吴运铎《把一切献给党》 All for the party(直译误解) / Son of the Working Class b. 《王若飞在狱中》 Wang Ruofei in Prison(直译误解) / Iron Bars But Not a Cage 该译名根据17世纪英国诗人Richard Lovelace在英国内战时 坐牢时写给情人的一首诗“To Althea, from Prison”:

  Stone walls do not a prison make, Nor iron bars a cage; Minds innocent and quiet take That for an hermitage.R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord41

  Practice 1. 2.

  The barn has the modern equipment the Owens can afford to buy. Let’s take a look at a typical mechanized farm---- the 150 acres owned by Don and Betty Owen in Wisconsin.

  3.

  The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for the advanced education that young Albeit needed.R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord42

  1.

  这个牛舍装备着欧文夫妇有能力购置的

  最现代化的设备。 2.

  让我们来看一个典型的机械化农场——

  占地150英亩的威斯康辛州唐恩 欧文和贝蒂 欧文夫妇俩的农场。 3.

  年轻的爱因斯坦需要接受更高级的教育,

  然而他的父母付不起学费。R C updown

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  The Translation of Proper NamesWord43

  Assignments 1.

  Translating knowledge and strategies

  1)(reading p.123-129) 2)Bilingual 2.

  reading(p.130-131)

  Translate: 130) Prepare for the next topic:R C updown

  (p.129 3.

  Translation of idiomsE

  The Translation of Proper NamesWord44

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