可控震源高效采集技术介绍Word

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　引 言总道数 采样间隔 2304(16*144) 2ms 覆盖次数 96

　　每炮需64秒 每排炮需64*6=384(秒)

　　听时间记录长度 扫描长度 终止斜坡 震源方式 震源出力 扫描类型 道距 检波线距

　　5s 5s10s 300ms 雁行 70% Log 3db 50m 300m

　　扫描震次 起始斜坡 震源台次 扫描频率 记录方式 炮距 炮线距

　　4 200ms 4*4 8-76HZ 叠前相关 50m 300m

　　最终折算每炮平均64+15=79(秒)每天有效放炮时间是按8小时算 3600*8/79=365(VPs)—5.6平方 假设: 10000平方的施工面积 施工天数: 10000/5.6=1786天 =4.89年

　　升板时间 (4秒) + 降板时间 (6秒)+ 震源移动时间12.5米 (11秒) ===16秒 震源移动300米的时间90秒,每排6炮10秒10秒 16秒

　　假定一组震源施工10秒 16秒 10秒 16秒

　　16秒

　　下一炮开始下一排

　　10秒

　　16秒

　　10秒

　　16秒

　　10秒

　　16秒

　　10秒

　　16秒

　　下一炮开始

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　提 Flip Flop-----交替扫描 Slip Sweep----滑动扫描

　　纲

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开 ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式 HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Flip Flop-----交替扫描采集方法交替扫描采集技术(Flip-Flop Sweep)是使用两组震源 交替作业，一组震源在另一组震源振动的同时移动搬点， 从而节省震源搬点的时间，提高施工效率。

　　96 s 1停时间

　　15 25

　　48

　　63 71

　　86

　　2停时间

　　扫描信号

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Flip Flop-----交替扫描采集方法交替扫描野外施工参数排列参数接收点距/线距 炮点距/线距

　　30m/180m 30m/180m 14线12炮正交观测系统 1848(14*132) 77(11*7)

　　观测系统 接收道数 覆盖次数 震源参数 施工参数 扫描方式

　　两套震源位于相邻的两条 炮线，第一套震源震动时， 第二套震源关机或移动， 两套震源位于不同炮线， 相距180米，摆放位置如图 所示：震源1炮线 5144

　　3台*2次*8秒；每次扫描均记带 8-100Hz,对数升频(6dB)震 源 2炮线 5132

　　出力记录参数 仪器型号 记录长度 采样率

　　70%

　　SERCEL 408-XL 3s 2ms 接收线 接收线

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Flip Flop-----交替扫描采集方法利比亚RAMSA三维项目：总炮数约143316炮， 单套震源作业：日效650炮，工期10个月(22天/月) 交替扫描作业：日效1000炮，工期6.5个月(22天/月) 增加收入(每天):350炮X60USD / 炮=21000USD 增加一套震源及其它设备折旧：每天约1000USD 增加人员及材料、油料消耗：每天约1500USD 整个项目创造效益：18500X 3.6月X22天=146.52万USD 缩短施工期约3.6个月，节约直接成本3.6X30X25000=270万。 甲方缩短勘探期3.6个月，节约相关费用20万美元以上。

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Flip Flop-----交替扫描采集方法墨西哥北方Potenciales 2三维项目：

　　总工作量为4199可km2,总炮数261193炮，价值工作量为8500万美元， BGP用两支可

　　控震源队进行作业 单套震源作业：日效440炮 交替扫描作业：日效775炮， 增加收入(每天):335炮X325USD / 炮=108875 USD 增加10台震源及其它设备折旧：每天约2000USD 增加人员及材料、材料消耗：每天约4000USD 每天创造效益： 102875 USD 整个项目创造效益：102875X 10月X30天约3000万USD 缩短施工期约4个月，节约成本9X4X30=1080万USD甲方缩短勘探期4个月，节约相关费用50万美元以上。

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Flip Flop-----交替扫描采集方法

　　交替扫描作业

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Flip Flop-----交替扫描采集方法

　　小结优点: 提高施工效率 缺点: 1)噪音问题 2)投入更多的设备和人力

　　应用交替扫描方式应综合考虑以下几方面问题: 1)扫描参数是否适合 2)地质条件: 技术(震次间相互影响)、地表条件 3)观测系统设计是否适合 4)噪音水平是否可以接受：选择合理的可控震源组之间的距离 5)综合采集方式决定使用哪种交替方式(Fleet by Fleet 或 Sweep by Sweep) 6)投入和产出是否匹配等

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　提 Flip Flop-----交替扫描 Slip Sweep----滑动扫描

　　纲

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开 ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式 HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Slip Sweep----滑动扫描滑动扫描技术是一种连 续放炮的高效采集方法， 同时采用多组震源施工， 下一组震源可以不必等 待上一组震源完成震动 即可开始施工，大大缩 短了相邻两次扫描的间 隔时间，从而大幅度地 提高了生产效率。滑动 时采用的扫描频率相同， 通过相关处理过程可以 分开成各自的记录。

　　常规扫描

　　滑动扫描

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Slip Sweep----滑动扫描

　　滑动扫描过程中，在放完每组炮之前，仪器 连续记录，所有数据信息及包括TB和相关信 号的辅助道信息都只是暂存入内存中，形成 一个炮与炮间相互重叠的连续的记录(母记 录),在放完最后一炮后，系统将依据TB和 相关信号对(母记录内)每炮进行相关，分 离出单个记录，并输出到磁带上。

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Slip Sweep----滑动扫描

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Slip Sweep----滑动扫描

　　在震源Fleet1扫描的过程中，如果其他震源Fleet的已经“Ready”,将发送“Ready” 信号和坐标中心给仪器。仪器检查组合中心是否在允许范围内，并判断滑动时间是否过 期，如果都满足，则自动启动第二组震源的扫描，依次类推。

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Slip Sweep----滑动扫描参数选择 滑动时间 Salvo炮数

　　变相位扫描 震源组数

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　Slip Sweep----滑动扫描 小结优点: 采用滑动扫描可以大幅度提高施工效率，节约生产成本缺点: 1)噪音问题 2)投入更多的设备和人力 应用滑动扫描方式应综合考虑以下几方面问题: 1)扫描参数的选择:滑动时间、相位、距离 2)观测系

　　统设计是否适合 3)噪音水平是否可以接受 4)资源配置 5)其他

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　提 Flip Flop-----交替扫描 Slip Sweep----滑动扫描

　　纲

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开 ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式 HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开

　　6组震源交替滑动扫描方式

　　---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 x 50m 网格, 6 vibs, slip sweep

　　12秒扫长+ 6滑动秒 最高效率 600 VPs / hour 平均每台震源 36秒完成一炮

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开run

　　Distance separated

　　---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　-

　　12秒扫长+ 6滑动秒 最高效率 1200 VPs / hour 平均每台震源 36秒完成一炮

　　---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------75 x 50m 网格, 6 vibs, slip sweep

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开Distance Separated Slip Sweep ( DS3 )

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开

　　滑动比交替：提高效率=(67-37)/67=44.78%

　　DSSS 比滑动提高一倍

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开

　　小结优点: 大幅度提高施工效率，节约生产成本缺点: 1)噪音问题 2)投入更多的设备和人力

　　操作难点: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 大道数: 固定排列8000-8500道接收 能管理5-6组震源进行滑动扫描(VE464) 同一组两套相距12公里震源同步启动 电台通讯(仪器与震源,震源与震源间) 对现场处理要求高

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　提 Flip Flop-----交替扫描 Slip Sweep----滑动扫描

　　纲

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开 ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式 HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式25 kms

　　7 km

　　8000 道实时接收 16 L* 500道 RL= 450 RI=50

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式

　　Conventional Seismic - One or two fleets of vibrators move along the shot line. Active spread is rolled as they progress. Sweep time + Listen time + Spread roll + move-up delays. - Typically 1200 VPs / day

　　VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV

　　VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV

　　VVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV

　　Independent Simultaneous Sweeping - Individual vibrators work separate parts of the spread. All sta

　　tions record continuously. Needs large recording spread, and high fold data is essential. Typically 750 VPs / day per vibrator. 9000VP/s day with 12 vibs.

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式

　　Orthogonal shooting – constant separationV V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V

　　‘constant’ separation ~ 2 kms

　　Note: Vibrators won’t be perfectly synchronised for ISS

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式continuous recorded data (8000 channels) Vib 1 T0 Vib 1 record Vib 2 T0

　　Vib 2 record

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式

　　ISS method.

　　N = Number of vibrators (12) SL = sweep length (secs) (16) PU = pad up time (secs) (4) PD = pad down time (secs) (6) MU = move time (50m) (secs) (17)

　　9 hours operation = 32,400 secs

　　Daily VPs = N * 32,400 / (SL+PU+MU+PD) = 12 * 32400/(43) = 9,041 16 s 43 s

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式

　　ISS – changing the way we work.Day’s work for one vibrator Insonify a 1.8 sq.km area 720 VPs in difficult terrain.

　　Omit inaccessible VPs 635 VPs to acquire Start with VPs on the plateau Complete all VP’s at one level Continue at next level Plan next day’s shooting

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式

　　ISS keeps rolling

　　Using the ISS method, if one vibrator fails to meet it’s daily quota of VPs the deficit can be made up the next day, either 1) By reducing the shot density 2) By using the spare vibrator 3) By the vibrators either side doing extra work.

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式

　　Source effort options150m x 50m 130 fold 7 fold cross-line ~21 fold in-line Needs 252 VP/day for each of 12 vibs

　　50m x 50m 400 fold Preferred 7 fold cross-line ~64 fold in-line Needs 756 VP/day for each of 12 vibs100m x 50m 200 fold 7 fold cross-line ~32 fold in-line Needs 378 VP/day for each of 12 vibs

　　All options have 25m x 25m bin size, with similar offset/azimuth distributionfold calculated with offsets limited to 3150m x-line, 3200m in-line, 3600m max

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式 Data VolumesContinuous recording for ISS Assume – 60 second record, 8000 channels, 4msec sample interval, SEGD format

　　File size = 458 MbytesAssume – continuous recording for 10 hours 600 files of 458Mbytes = 275 Gbytes. = 1 IBM 3592 tape cartridge

　　= 7 IBM 3590E tape cartridgesTypical NAS disk pack holds 1Terabyte or more Combed + correlated shot records Assume – Offset limit to 5 kms in-line, 3200 channels, 5 second records. File size = 15.5 Mbytes per shot record. Assume – 9000 VP/day 140 Gbytes of shot records per day (or slightly less due to roll-on/roll-off)

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----

　　独立震源工作模式

　　小结优点: 大幅度提高施工效率缺点: 1)噪音问题、能量问题 2)投入更多的设备和人力 操作难点:1) 大道数: 固定排列8000-8500道接收 2) 要求能记录下每台震源启动的T0时间 3) 震源本身能监控震源的状态 4)能记录震源的震动性能信号(参考、力、重锤、平板)

　　5) 电台通讯(仪器与震源,震源与震源间) 6) 对现场处理要求高i 运算速度快 ii 大的存储空间 iii 处理系统有数据分离和三维FKK滤波等模块 、并且模块算法适合处理大的数据量

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　提 Flip Flop-----交替扫描 Slip Sweep----滑动扫描

　　纲

　　DSSS(Distance Separated Slip Sweep )-------------滑动+距离分开 ISS(Independent Simultaneous Sources)-----独立震源工作模式 HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　High Fidelity Vibratory SeismicHFVS 是 Exxon Mobil 的一项专利技术，这项技术要求记录未相关的的原始数据每 台震源的每次扫描的震动信号。之所以称之高保真因为在数据分离过程中用到了震 源的力信号。

　　Increase Productivity(高效率): Reduce acquisition time by recording more than one Vibrator at a timeRequirement for increased productivity particularly on high density wide azimuth surveys

　　Resolution提高分辨率：点激发、点接收There is no arrays, point source – receiver techniques Processing records as unique source points allows for correction of intra-array statics and differential velocity move-out which wouldn’t be possible with conventional r ecording where vibrator arrays are summed in the field.

　　Correlate the ground force with vibrator data用地面力信号替代参考信号 Denser geometries lead to finer spatial sampling高密度空间采样

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　线性升频扫描：6-96Hz

　　240米

　　4 台震源 /组 6个检波器堆放

　　地下界面

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集240mVib 1 sweep1 Vib 2 sweep1 Vib 3 sweep1 Vib 4 sweep1

　　Record 1

　　Record 2Vib 1 sweep2 Vib 2 sweep2 Vib 3 sweep2 Vib 4 sweep2

　　1 x HFVS 记录

　　Record 3Vib 1 sweep3

　　Vib 2 sweep3

　　Vib 3 sweep3

　　Vib 4 sweep3

　　Record 4Vib 1 sweep4 Vib 2 sweep4 Vib 3 sweep4 Vib 4 sweep4

　　HFVS 扫描过程中每台震源的相位编排Vibrator Vib 1 Vib 2 Vib 3 Vib 4

　　Sweep

　　Phase in degree

　　Phase in degree

　　Phase in degree

　　Phase in degree

　　1 2 3 4

　　180 81 60 353

　　81 180 353 60

　　60 353 180 81

　　353 60 81 180

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　实时的相位变换Vibrator no Sweep no 1 2 3 4

　　Phase QC

　　Sweep phase

　　180 81 60 353

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　HFVS 数据采集的关键点 震次至少与震源的

　　台数一样多 记录震源力信号并应用于数据分离

　　为了提高数据分离效果，每次扫描每台震源要进行相位编排( it helps reduce harmonic noise ) 为了降低震源间相互干扰，震源间应分开一段距离(min distance should be in 200 – 300 m)

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　通过无线采集方式记录震源力信号

　　AHV-IV Vibrator

　　DSD

　　4 FDU

　　1 LAUR

　　Recorder Sercel 428

　　1 LRU

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集Record each auxiliary channel of 4 vibrators, total 20 auxiliary channels need to be QC-ed V1Vib 1 2 3 4DPG reference sweep DSD return reference sweep Ground Force Signal

　　V2

　　V3

　　V4

　　Uncorrelated HFVS raw field record

　　Reaction Mass Acc SignalBaseplate Acc Signal

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　HFVS data inversion seperation In time domain data (D) is a convolution of the earth response (E) with Source Signature (S)

　　In the frequency domain we can write this as a Matrix as given below

　　S11 S 21 S31 S 41 SM 1

　　S12 S 22 S32 S 42

　　SM 2

　　S1N D1 D S2 N E 1 2 D S3 N E 2 3 S 4 N D4 EN S MN DM

　　If the sweeps are repeated at least the same number of times as the number of vibrators then the earth response for each vibrator can be separated by inverting a matrix of vibrator signatures in the frequency domain and applying the resultant filter to the geophone data.

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集1 sweep of 4 vibs vibrating simultaneously uncorrelated raw record

　　HFVS raw data inversion, separation

　　29s

　　Vib 1, sweep 1 + Vib 1, sweep 2 + Vib 1, sweep 3 + Vib 1, sweep 4

　　Vib 2, sweep 1

　　Vib 3, sweep 1

　　Vib 4, sweep 1

　　Generate separated , inverted stacked raw records for each vibrators

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　2 fleets x 4 Vibrators (240m apart)

　　4 sweeps per VP

　　Active patch Crews further apart possibly to avoid cross - contamination Receiver Receiver line line Shot line Shot line

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集23 Receiver lines

　　1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

　　Shot lines

　　240m

　　First fleet 32 VPs / line

　　Second fleet

　　32 VPs / line

　　Shot lines

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

　　Swath 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

　　Swath 21 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

　　Swath 3

　　1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

　　Moving 8 receiver li

　　nes between two swaths

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集vib interval :240m 23 RL receiving1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 …………23

　　V1

　　V2

　　V3

　　V4

　　4vib*4sweeps Always select the V1’s source number to push the shoot button, every one push,4 vib will shake 4 times at same time

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS(High Fidelity Vibratory Seismic)-----基于高保真技术的高效采集

　　1

　　240 m

　　2

　　3

　　4

　　5

　　6

　　7

　　8 …………23

　　30 m

　　240 m

　　V1

　　V2

　　V3

　　V4

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS 现场处理

　　Conventional 3D : 20M / VP

　　IBM disk array

　　HFVS 3D: 3680 channels 28 s raw data 1500 VPs / daySize: 200M / VP Total: 300G / day Recorder: 6 NAS disks (360G/each) QC: Disk Array (20 T)

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS数据从SEG-D转换到SEG-Y

　　The following data needed before data separation; HFVS ID of each record Corresponding vibrator number of each auxiliary channel Location of each vibrator (line number, VP number) Coordinate of each vibrator Coordinate of each trace in the record Status of each vibrator including; Phase, Amplitude andDrive Level

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　SERCEL 428 SEG-D TO HFVS SEG-Y DAILY FLOWVAPS file from Sercel 428 SEG-D data from Sercel SEG-P1 data from Surveyor- SEG-D data from RAID/NAS disks at the recorder - VAPS file extracted from JLog window along with SPS/APS/OBS/RAW/FPS files from the recorder Assign Source header as source line source point together

　　ProMAX Production 101905 – version 04/23/07 GOPField Data QC 1. Observer Daily Logs Observer log files must contain observer notes on each record to identify user-defined changes throughout the acquisition, or changes in record status, based on specifications contained in MSA - Exhibit B. Observer logs must be generated with specific information and status of each field record, and if voided, an explanation must be typed or coded in. Observer logs must provide consistent information on status of each field record and source point when compared with HFVS invertable SEG-Y headers. 2. SPS/APS/VAPS/FPS files These files must contain all relevant vibrator point information where applicable (FFID, Source Line, Source Point, Easting, Northing, and Elevation), geometry information for each source point, and vibrator performance data for each sweep on every HFVS record. All APS/VAPS/FPS records with the sweeps of each HFVS setup must be properly populated and revised against SEG-D headers and final geometry on a daily basis before data delivery. SPS files must be generated with individual source points on each Source File record and actual geometry patch for each source point on each Relation File record set. All field files (SPS/APS/VAPS/FPS) must be generated for every acquisition and testing date in the field, filtering out void and duplicate field records. Raw SPS files generated by the instrument must be provided for reference. Information about bad traces must be properly documented on a daily basis, based on pre-defined thresholds at the recorder (Resistance, Tilt, Leakage,) and logged for eac

　　h field record. 3. Requirements for all files All files must be generated in standard ASCII format, following specifications from Sercel 428XL User Manual, with no errors or omissions of field data. All recording unit files (SPS, RPS, XPS, APS, VAPS, OBS, RAW, FPS) must be exported in ASCII format from the recording unit every day. A similar set of filtered ASCII files (SPS, RPS, XPS, APS, VAPS, OBS, FPS) must be provided for final processing, after careful review of SEG-Y headers and field raw data (recording unit ASCII files and SEG-D data.) SEG-Y EBCDIC header must be populated with relevant field information on HFVS setups, recording parameters and specifications on all records. All other headers must include HFVS and vibrator information required for HFVS separation and inversion. General Field QC requirements All source points recorded must be tracked on a real-time basis every day, and a report must be attached to the observer log file, identifying source line, source point, vibrator number, HFVS setup, y FFID.- Mode: Fixed equation - Equation: TRC_TYPE=2

　　ATrace Header Math ascending sort by FFID and Seq. #Create HFVS ID header and fill HFVS COG data - Mode: Fixed equation - Equation: source=sou_sloc

　　Remove void and duplicate files from VAPS

　　Remove void must and duplicate match files from SEG-D

　　Update SEGP1 data with latest version

　　- VAPS and SEG-D files have a record per sweep per vibrator; all void records and duplicate records must be removed on both files before continuing - All COGs,HFVS IDs , and FFIDs used in a production dat must be UNIQUE

　　Input SEG-D data

　　- Sercel instrument type: 408XL Remap SEG-D traces - Remap SEG-D trace header entries with: headers == r_line,receiver line number,2I,,,22/srf_sloc,receiver point number,2I,,,25/FDU,FDU,4I,,,181/ Trace Type: Aux Channel = 3 or greater; Data Channel = 1; Not Used Aux or dead trace = 2 Every vibrator that is active (normally 8) will have Aux Channels assigned in the SEG-D tape. The Aux channels that are not used will need to be removed so that only the four vibrators (normally) being used are included for the HFVS inversion program.

　　Trace Header Math (6)

　　-

　　Mode: Fixed equation Equation: COG_X=SOU_X Equation: COG_Y=SOU+Y Equation: COG_Z=SOU_ELEV Equation: VIB_ID=0 Equation: COG_SL = S_LINE Equation: COG_SLOC=SOU_SLOC Equation: HFVS_ID=COG_SL*10000+COG_SLOC

　　Define a trace ensemble based on expected total number of traces per FFID

　　Ensemble redefine Trace Header Math

　　- Mode: Change - Primary Key: Field file ID number (FFID) - Max. Traces: Max. FFID traces expected

　　Remove 1st byte of FDU header (always 1 for FDU ≠ 0); FDU is a 3-Byte word, mapped as a 4-Byte

　　Trace Header Math

　　Convert hexadecimal FDU Serial Number to decimal: - Mode: Fixed equation - Equation: FDU=FDU - 16777216

　　Create a trace counter for all traces (data + aux channels) Store original channel header, and populate COG line and point from source line and point headers (will change to real source

　　locations later)

　　- Mode: Sequence Renumber - Ensembles - Trace Header Word: counter - Starting and increment: 1 / 1 Mode: Fixed equation Equation: old_chn = chan Equation: COG_SLOC = sou_sloc Equation: COG_SL = s_line

　　Assign VIB_ID aux channel header based on Vibrator FDU serial number

　　FDU for vibrator n? (n=1..10)NO

　　YES

　　Trace Header Math

　　- Mode: Fixed equation (one equation for each vib) - Equation: VIB_ID = where n is the vib number

　　Trace Header Math (3)

　　channels from 0 to 100?

　　YES

　　Trace Header Math (4)

　　Initialize aux trace header values

　　Aux channel header word editing (IF statement) - Mode: Fixed equation - Equation: chan = seqno - Equation: sou_sloc = 0 - Equation: source = sou_sloc - Equation: s_line=0 - Equation: TRC_TYPE=3

　　This COP program merges the actual surveyed source coordinates in the SEG-P1 source file and the 428 Sercel APS file (or VAPS file) into the ProMAX source headers. The source line, source point, source X Y Z and the vibrator QC info will be merged into the correct AUX channel header. Aux channels not used will have the VIB_ID set to a negative value.

　　NO

　　COP Read APS and SEGP1 data

　　ascending sort by FFID and channelOperation: Sum Header: Swath Look relative to next trace(s) Store trace pairs Store on Swath header Operation: Sum Header: External source location number Look relative to next trace(s) Store trace pairs Store on External source location number header

　　- SEG-D APS file: (VAPS file path and file name with edited VAPS file – NO voids included) - SEG-P1 file: path and file name for latest version of SEG-P1 source file with consistent line and station numbering system - SEG-P1 tolerance: No more than 40 ft

　　Assign Trace Type to active aux channels only

　　Populate all trace headers based on ProMAX Swath header (source line) previously mapped

　　VIB_ID is –1 to –10?NO

　　YES

　　Trace Header Math

　　COP Adjacent Trace Header Math

　　Copies of daily reports showing stations deployed and picked up line by line must be provided on a daily basis in digital/paper format. Instrument parameters (setup) must be checked by the observer and field QC at the beginning of each acquisition day, and after recording system halts. Final source locations must be QC at the recorder, to comply with maximum source offset allowed (10-ft max for HFVS source locations.) Field files and aux channel data must be QC while recording for missing or misplaced information in raw data headers. Daily tests should be recorded and taped for all channels used in acquisition. Description and potential changes in auxiliary channel assignation must be carefully documented in the daily observer logs.

　　Populate all trace headers based on ProMAX Source Location header previously mapped

　　COP Adjacent Trace Header Math

　　Fix source line and source station header words on active aux channels

　　Trace Header Math (2)

　　- Mode: Fixed equation - Equation: s_line = sou_sloc/10000 - Source=sou_sloc – s_line*10000

　　Restore ori

　　ginal channel header to all traces

　　Trace Header MathAssign COG line and station (HFVS ID) to all data traces in an HFVS setup

　　- Mode: Fixed equation - Equation: chan=old_chn

　　Channel is –1 to –8?NO

　　These IF statements allow traces with VIB_ID 0 to pass; this removes the AUX channels for VIBs not used in this particular HFVS setup.

　　channels from 1 to 10000?

　　YES

　　Trace Header Math (2)

　　HFVS ID assignment to all traces (IF statement) - Mode: Fixed equation - Equation: sou_sloc=COG_SLOC - Equation: s_line=COG_SL

　　Remap SEG-Y traces headers == NO

　　VIB_ID is –1 to –11?

　　Output SEG-Y data

　　NO

　　A

　　Final QC

　　- Remap EBCDIC header with project values - Remap SEGY header values as follows: trc_type,2I,,29/ffid,4I,,9/source,4I,,17/sou_sloc,4I ,,193/s_line,4I,,189/sou_x,4R,IBM,73/sou_y,4R,IB M,77/sou_elev,4R,IBM,45/chan,4I,,13/srf_sloc ,2I,,199/r_line,2I,,197/rec_x,4R,IBM,81/rec_y,4R,I BM,85/rec_elev,4R,IBM,41/cog_sloc,4I,,53/c og_sl,4I,,57/tim_shot,4I,,159/yer_shot,2I,,157/hfv s_id,4I,,61/vib_id,2I,,31/v_aforce,2I,,91/ v_aphase,2I,,93/v_drive,2I,,95/v_gstiff,2I,,97/v_g visco,2I,,99/v_pdistr,2I,,101/v_pforce,2I, ,103/v_pphase,2I,,49/v_ydistr,2I,,5

　　Excitation factor on vibrator electronics must be equally set for all vibrator units for the sweep bandwidth selected. Duplicate FFID, HFVS ID or SOURCE ID numbers are not allowed within the same swath of acquisition. Field QCs must verify SEG-Y file geometries and headers populated from SEG-D, VAPS file and SEG-P1 coordinates on a daily basis, and log/document final status of HFVS records (changes in aux channel headers, void files, source offsets, etc.)

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS 辅助道的质量控制Signal corrupted, need to be re-shoot Signal lost

　　可控震源高效采集技术介绍

　　HFVS 辅助道的质量控制Signal clipping

　　wrong record sequenceAbnormal Normal

　　A circuit was setup between DSD and FDU on the vibrator to eliminate clipping.

　　Reset parameter and reshot