三里岛核泄漏事故Word

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　　三里岛核泄漏事故Three Mile Island Accident

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　　1.The Island

　　Three Mile Island is so named because it is located three miles downriver from Middletown, Pennsylvania.

　　The plant was originally built by General Public Utilities Corporation. It was operated by Metropolitan Edison Company (Met-Ed), a subsidiary of the GPU Energy division.

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　　The Accident

　　Before March 28th, 1979, the Three Mild Island was quiet and out of people’s sight. But after the accident broke out, journalists bustled into the place, spreading the news all around the world.

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　　Cause

　　这次事故是由于二回路的水泵发生故障后，二回路的事故冷却系统自动投入， 但因前些天工人检修后未将事故冷却系统的阀门打开，致使这一系统自动投入 后，二回路的水仍断流。当堆内温度和压力在此情况下升高后，反应堆就自动 停堆，卸压阀也自动打开，放出堆芯内的部分汽水混合物。同时，当反应堆内 压力下降至正常时，卸压阀由于故障未能自动回座，使堆芯冷却剂继续外流， 压力降至正常值以下，于是应急堆芯冷却系统自动投入，但操作人员未判明卸 压阀没有回座，反而关闭了应急堆芯冷却系统，停止了向堆芯内注水。这一系 列的管理和操作上的失误与设备上的故障交织在一起，使一次小的故障急剧扩 大，造成堆芯熔化的严重事故。 There was a cooling system malfunction that caused a partial meltdown of the reactor core (反应堆). Main reason: equipment malfunction , human error and lack of training.

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　　The next day, Governor Dick Thornburgh recommended the evacuation of pregnant women and children.

　　More than 120,000 people were evacuated.

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　　Two days later, the incident was over. The containment structure worked. Most of the radiation did not escape.

　　Four days after the incident, President Jimmy Carter arrived.

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　　Years later, scientists determined that a jammed valve(阀) had caused cooling water to drain from the reactor core(反应堆).

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　　(3)Effect

　　The incident was widely publicized internationally, and had far-reaching effects on public opinion, particularly in the United States.

　　The China Syndrome, a movie about a nuclear disaster, which was released just 12 days before the incident, became a blockbuster(重磅炸弹) hit.

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　　It resulted in the release of radioactivity into the surrounding environment.

　　krypton(氪) : estimated at 43,000 curies iodine(碘) : less than 20 curies

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　　A World Nuclear Association review concluded that no deaths, injuries or adverse health effects resulted from the accident, and a report by Columbia University epidemiologist Maureen Hatch confirmed this finding. Further epidemiology studies have not shown any increase in cancer as a result of the accident.

　　However, almost $25 million was paid in insurance settlements to people who then agreed not to dis

　　cuss their injuries in ongoing litigation (诉讼).

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　　People launched the demonstration to stop building the nuclear plant or directly close it.

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　　On March 28th, 2011(the 32nd anniversary of the TMI) Korea people objected to the policy of expanding the nuclear power plant.

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　　To some extent, since 1979, the nuclear industry in America began to decline.

　　No nuclear power plant was built in America for the next 30 years.

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　　Enlightment

　　Strengthening the capacity to deal with emergency.

　　Enhancing the training of operators.

　　Nuclear power is a double-edged sword.

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