化工英语试卷

化工专业英语试卷 一，Give a definition for the following words. 1, Chemical Industry: A large group of industry that use chemical and engineering principles to separate or change materials into salable product.

2,Chemical engineering：chemical engineering is that branch of engineering which is concerned with the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical processes. 3Filtration: the separation of solids from a suspension in a liquid by means of a porous medium or screen which retains the solids and allows the liquid to pass is termed filtration.

4,Unit operations: The unit operations were conceived as an organized means for discussing the many kind of equipment-oriented physical processes required in the process industries. 二，fill in the blanks.

1，Urea-formaldehyde and polyurethanes, are important insulating materials for reducing heat losses and hence reducing energy usage 2Agriculture relies on the chemical industry for its large quantities of artificial fertilizers and crop protection chemicals .

3，The applied or more targeted type of research and development commonly carried out in industry can be of several types and we will briefly consider each. They are:(ⅰ)product development, (ⅱ) process development,(ⅲ) process improvement and (ⅳ) applications development 4，Usually a chemical plant may compose of many process units,

such as reactors, tanks , distillation columns, heat exchanges, pumbs, compressors, control and instrumentation devices and so on.

三．According to the textbook, answer questions. 1, Which factors depend on in process development for a new product? Process development for a new product depends on things such as the scale on which it is to be manufactured, the by-products formed and their removal/recovery, and required purity. 2, Whats the classical role of the chemical engineer? The classical role of the chemical engineer is to take the discoveries made by the chemist in the laboratory and develop them into money--making, commercial-scale chemical processes. 3, List some advice for both enjoying and improving your engineering work? Enhance technical skills, hone interpersonal skills, do the whole job, see the big picture, be a l

eader, be a mentor, beware of diversions, keep fit, enjoy your profession. 4,What four concepts are basic and form the foundation for the calculation of all operations? The Material Balance, The Energy Balance, The Ideal Contact, Rates of an Operation.

of “research” and “development”?

Research can be thought of as the activity which products new ideas and knowledge whereas developments is putting those ideas into practices as new process and products.

7,What’s the main task of the basic chemical industry?

The job of the basic chemicals industry is to find economical ways of turning raw materials into

useful intermediates.

四，Connection.

1, the Fluid flow 1,This is a special case of heat transfer ,Which deals with evaporation of a volatile solvent such as water from a nonvolatile solute such as salt or any other material in solution

2 Heat transfer 2, This concerns the principles that determine the flow or transportation of any fluid flow one point to another

3 Evaporation 3,This process involves the diffusion of a solute from a liquid or gas through a semipermeable membrane barrier to another fluid.

4 Distillation 4,This unit operation deals with the principles that govern accumulation and transfer of heat and energy from one place to another

5Membrane separation 5,This concerns the removal of a solute such as a salt from a solution by precipitating the solute from the solution