高二英语必修五语法知识点第一讲：过去分词做定语表语

高二英语必修五语法知识点第一讲、过去分词做定语和表语。同时我们对这个高二英语必修五语法知识点配有同步练习题，在做试题中让同学们巩固这个英语语法知识点。

1.English is a widely used language.

2.He threw away the broken cup.

3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.

4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.

单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;

过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。

spoken English

= English which is spoken

terrified people

= the people who are terrified

an organized way

= a way that is organized

affected area 灾区

= the area which is affected

stolen culture relics

= culture relics that had been stolen

the book recommended by the teacher

= the book which was recommended by the teacher

printed articles

= articles that are printed

1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定语

2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定语

3) He got interested in the two theories. 表语

4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表语

Past Participle as the Attribute定语 Past Participle as the Predicative表语

1.terrified people1.people who are terrified

2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved

3.polluted water3.water that is polluted

4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded

5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased

6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished

7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken

8.a closed door8.a door that is closed

9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired

10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped

There are many fallen leaves on the ground.

= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶)

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.

= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.

(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)

及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。

polluted water

= water which is polluted

reserved seats

= the seats which were reserved

trapped animal

= the animal which was trapped

不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。

boiled water

= water which has boiled

fallen leaves

= the leaves which have fallen

risen sun

= the sun which has risen

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。

The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.

The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very popular.

The building built last year (去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.

The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.

The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.

The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.

The people exposed to the sun (暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt.

The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student.

The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.

The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所说的).

Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa.

The students inspired by the teacher (受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.

The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.

A. first played B. to be first played

C. first playing D. to be first playing

①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。

②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。

③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。

first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.

Consolidation 巩固

1. Prices of daily goods ____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.

A. are bought B. bought

C. been bought D. buying

2. With a lot of different problems ____,

the newly-elected president is having

a hard time.

A. settled B. settling

C. to settle D. being settled

3. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases ____ only to people with specific knowledge.

A. being known B. having been known

C. to be known D. known

4. When I got back, I saw a message ____ to the door____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”

A. pin, read B. pinning, reading

C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read

2)作表语 表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。

The window is broken. 窗户碎了。

Don’t get so excited. 别这么激动。

1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。

2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。

① The glass is broken.

The glass was broken by Tom.

② The windows are closed.

The windows are closed by Jack.

3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,

surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。

① How did the audience receive the new play?

They got very excited.

② How did Bob do in the exams this time?

Well, his father seems pleased with his results.

③ She was very disappointed to hear the result.

④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.

作表语练习：

Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.

1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.

A. painted B. painting

C. being painted D. to be painted

2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.

A. was losing B. got losing

C. grew lost D. got lost

3. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents

are _____ him.

A. disappointing; disappointed at

B. disappointing; disappointed about

C. disappointing; disappointed with

D. disappointed; disappointing by

现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别

现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义.

现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成.

a moving movie   感人的电影

a moved audience  被感动的观众

boiling water  正在烧(煮沸)的水

boiled water 已煮沸的水

developing countries 反展中国家

developed countries 发达国家

falling leaves 落叶(正在进行)

fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成)

The child standing over there is my brother.

The room facing south is our classroom.

The book written by Lu Xun is very good.

The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.