转Bt基因水稻对土壤微生物群落结构的影响

摘要：在大田环境下种植转Bt基因水稻（HHI与Bt-SY63）和亲本对照非转Bt基因水稻（MH63与SY63），分别在稻田休耕期、水稻苗期、分蘖期、抽穗期、成熟期、收获后采集土壤样品，分析转基因水稻种植对土壤微生物群落的影响，探讨转Bt基因水稻对土壤微生态系统的影响，旨在为转基因水稻的生态风险评价提供依据。结果表明，非转基因组土壤微生物群落结构特征具有一定的相似性，转基因组也具有类似的土壤微生物群落结构，但转Bt基因组水稻对土壤微生物群落结构具有一定影响；转基因水稻与非转基因组相比，土壤微生物生物总量差异不显著，转Bt基因水稻根际土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌随季节变化趋势明显，转基因组与非转基因组之间不存在显著差异（P>0.05）。

关键词：转Bt基因水稻；土壤；微生物；细菌；真菌

Abstract： The impacts of transgenic Bt rice （Oryza.sativa L.） on the soil ecosystem were studied. Transgenic Bt rice （HHI and Bt-SY63） and non-transgenic rice （MH63 and SY63） as control were planted. Paddy soil samples were collected at fallowing stage， growing stages including seeding stage， tillering stage， heading stage， maturity stage， and post-harvest stage. To study the influence of transgenic Bt rice on soil micro-ecosystems， the impacts of transgenic rice on various soil indices such as microorganisms， enzymatic activity， physiochemical properties， etc.， were analyzed. Correlation between soil properties and soil microorganisms， soil enzymatic activity were conducted to provide scientific support for assessing the ecological risk of transgenic rice. The results showed that the structure characteristics of soil microorganism community in control groups had certain similarity， so did the transgenic groups. The transgenic Bt rice groups had an effect on soil microorganisms community structures to some degree. There was no significant difference in soil microorganism biomass between transgenic and non-transgenic groups. In transgenic Bt rice rhizosphere soil， bacteria， fungi and actinomycetes had obvious changes with the variation of season. It is indicated that there is no significant difference between transgenic and non-transgenic groups （P>0.05）.

Key words： transgenic Bt rice； soil； microorganism； bacteria； fungi

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