隐喻理论在汉语花喻中的研究

摘要：隐喻研究一直是语言学家关注的焦点。在传统研究中，隐喻被认为是一种语言修辞手段。

随着研究的深入，语言学家逐渐认识到隐喻是一种重要的认知工具。莱柯夫[微软用户1] （1980）等学者的概念隐喻理论指出隐喻是从一个具体的概念域（始源域）到一个抽象的概念域（目标域）的系统映射，是一种基于身体体验的认知机制，普遍存在于人们的语言和生活中。

隐喻研究热的兴起也引发了语言学家对转喻的深入研究，在认知思潮的影响下，学者们认识到转喻不仅是修辞手段，更是一种重要的认知机制。莱柯夫指出转喻是在同一个“理想化认知模型”（ICM）内用一个事物代替另一个事物的认知过程。

尽管在原则上概念隐喻和概念转喻是不同的认知过程，但他们并不是彼此互不兼容的。目前，隐喻和转喻间的相互作用在语言学家中已获广泛认可。

其中古森斯[微软用户2] 分析了转喻和隐喻融合的方式，并称之为“隐转喻”，为后续相关研究提供了范本。本文以概念隐喻理论、概念转喻理论和隐转喻理论为依据，对《红楼梦》中的花喻进行尝试性研究，试图更系统地对其花隐喻、花转喻以及花隐转喻进行归纳分析，并阐释其认知运作过程。

我们采用语料库的研究方法，从《红楼梦》中收集了三百多例花喻，并对这些花喻进行详细地归类分析，从认知角度探讨花作为源域向人类和其他目标域的投射过程以及研究这些汉语花喻表达式的经验基础和在作品中的具体体现。本文通过对汉语花喻的研究分析，一方面为三种理论提供跨文化和跨语言的证据，另一方面描绘了《红楼梦》中的花喻特征，为理解和欣赏这部文学巨著提供新的认知视角。

关键词：概念隐喻；概念转喻；隐转喻；花喻；《红楼梦》AbstractMetaphor has long been a centre topic for linguistic scholars. Traditionally, it has been viewed as a pure rhetorical device; however, as research in this realm deepens, linguists have come to regard metaphor as an indispensable conceptual tool. According to Lakoff’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory, metaphor, as “cross-domain mapping between a concrete domain and an abstract domain”, is an embodied cognitive mechanism pervasive in our daily lives and languages. Metaphormania, to some extent, draws the attention of some linguists to further researches on metonymy. Influenced by the predominant cognitive paradigm, scholars have begun to view metonymy not merely as a linguistic ornament, but another essential cognitive mechanism. L[微软用户3] akoff claims that metonymy is a cognitive process in which one entity is used to stand for another entity within a single “Idealized Cognitive Model” (ICM). Although, in principle, metaphor and metonymy are distinct cognitive processes, they are in fact not mutually exclusive. Up to now, interaction between metaphor and metonymy has become widely accepted among linguists. For example, Goossens analyses the ways metaphor and metonymy can interact, captured in the term metaphtonymy, shedding light on future research in this regard.This thesis is an attempt to analyze the phenomenon of Flower Metaphors used in A Dream of Red Mansions within the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Conceptual Metonymy Theory and metaphtonymy approach so as to find out a relatively well-defined and systematic criterion for classifying Flower Metaphors and to explain their cognitive operating processes. It is an analysis of about one hundred and two samples of Flower Metaphors taken from A Dream of Red Mansions by adopting a corpus-based approach. Special attention has been paid to the mapping process from the source domain to the target domain, and also to the experiential grounding of those metaphorical expression_rs and to their realizations in A Dream of Red Mansions.The present research, which is based on the data of one hundred and two Flower Metaphors[微软用户4] in A Dream of Red Mansions, provides multicultural and multilingual evidence to enrich and verify the above-mentioned three [微软用户5] theories. In addition, it offers us a cognitive perspective in understanding and appreciating the masterpiece[微软用户6] .Key words: Conceptual Metaphor Theory; Conceptual Metonymy Theory; metaphtonymy; Flower Metaphors; A Dream of Red Mansions论汪抒诗歌艺术中的品质与价值

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