List and Descriptions of the Categories of Psychological Disorders

　　Some of the major categories of disorder include the following: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders Neurodevelopmental Disorders Anxiety disorders are those that are characterized by excessive and abnormal fear, worry and anxiety. In one recent survey published in the Archives of General Psychology, it was estimated that as many as 18% of American adults suffer from at least one anxiety disorder. Types of anxiety disorders include:

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　　? ? ? ? Generalized anxiety disorder Agoraphobia Social anxiety disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder Separation anxiety

　　Impulse-control disorders are those that involve an inability to control impulses, resulting in harm to oneself or others. Types of impulse-control disorders include:

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　　? Kleptomania (stealing) Pyromania (fire-starting) Trichotillomania (hair-pulling) Intermittent explosive disorder Dermatillomania (skin-picking) Conduct disorder

　　Dissociative disorders are psychological disorders that involve a dissociation or interruption in aspects of consciousness, including identity and memory. Dissociative disorders include:

　　Dissociative disorder (formerly known as disorder

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　　? Dissociative identity disorder

　　? Depersonalization/derealization disorder ?

　　Eating disorders are characterized by obsessive concerns with weight and disruptive eating patterns that negatively impact physical and mental health. Types of eating disorders include:

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　　? ? Feeding and eating disorders that are usually diagnosed during infancy, childhood, and adolescence have also been moved to this category in the DSM-5.

　　Mood disorder is a term given to a group of mental disorders that are all characterized by changes in mood. Examples of mood disorders include:

　　Bipolar disorder

　　? Major depressive disorders

　　? Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (previously known as childhood bipolar disorder)

　　? Premenstrual dysphoric disorder ?

　　The APA suggests that only minor changes were made to the sections on bipolar and related disorders, largely to reflect a greater emphasis on changes in activity and engery rather than focusing only of moods. These psychological disorders are those that involve cognitive abilities such as memory, problem solving and perception. Some anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and psychotic disorders are classified as cognitive disorders. Types of cognitive disorders include:

　　Alzheimer's disease

　　? Delirium

　　? Major neurocognitive disorder

　　? Mild neurocognitive disorder ?

　　Developmental disorders, also referred to as childhood disorders, are those that are typically diagnosed during infancy, childhood, or adolescence. These psychological disorders include:

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　　? ? Intellectual Disability (or Intellectual Developmental Disorder), formerly referred to as mental retardation Communication disorders Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

　　Personality disorders create a maladaptive pattern of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can cause serious detriments to relationships and other life areas. Types of personality disorders include:

　　? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Avoidant personality disorder Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

　　Schizoid personality disorder

　　? ? Sleep disorders involve an interruption in sleep patterns. These

　　disorders can have a negative impact on both physical and mental health. Examples of sleep disorders include:

　　? Sleep terror disorder

　　? Sleepwalking disorder

　　? ? Sleep disorders related to other mental disorders as well as sleep disorders related to general medical conditions have been removed from the DSM-5. The latest edition of the DSM also provides more emphasis of coexisting conditions for each of the sleep-wake disorders. This change, the APA explains, underscores that the individual has a sleep disorder warranting independent clinical attention, in addition to any medical and mental disorders that are also present, and acknowledges the

　　bidirectional and interactive effects between sleep disorders and coexisting medical and mental disorders.

　　Formerly referred to under the heading of somatoform disorders, this category is now known as somatic symptom and related disorders. Somatic disorders are a class of psychological disorders that involves physical symptoms that do not have a physical cause. These symptoms usually mimic real diseases or injuries.

　　Disorders included in this category include:

　　Somatic symptom disorder

　　? Illness anxiety disorder

　　? Body dysmorphic disorder

　　? Pain disorder ?

　　The DSM-5 also includes factitious disorders under the somatic category. Substance-related disorders are those that involve the use and abuse of different substance, such as cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates and alcohol. These disorders can include dependence, abuse, psychosis, anxiety, intoxication, delirium and withdrawal that results from the use of various substances. Examples of substance-related psychological disorders include:

　　? Alcohol abuse

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　　? Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder Cocaine withdrawal Inhalant abuse

　　The DSM-5 also includes gambling disorder under this

　　classification. The American Psychiatric Association explains that this change ...reflects the increasing and consistent evidence that some behaviors, such as gambling, activate the brain reward system with effects similar to those of drugs of abuse and that gambling disorder symptoms resemble substance use disorders to a certain extent.

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　　? ? ? ? Psychology Careers

　　Factitious Disorders

　　These psychological disorders are those in which an individual acts as if he or she has an illness, often be deliberately faking or exaggerating symptoms or even self-inflicting damage to the body. Types of factitious disorders include:

　　Munchausen syndrome

　　? Munchausen syndrome by proxy

　　? Ganser syndrome ?

　　Trauma- and stressor-related disorders involve the exposure to a

　　stressful or traumatic event. These were previously considered anxiety disorders, but are now considered a distinct category of disorders. Disorders included in this category include:

　　Acute stress disorder

　　? Adjustment disorders

　　? Post-traumatic stress disorder

　　? Reactive attachment disorder ?

　　Adjustment Disorders

　　This classification of mental disorders is related to an identifiable source of stress that causes significant emotional and behavioral symptoms. The diagnostic criteria listed by the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria included: