电信电科管理概论课堂作业Hawthorne Studies

管理学英文原版文献翻译

要求:

1、 手写版,16开稿纸正反面书写,一句英文后接一句中文翻译。

笔迹工整。

2、 直译与意译相结合。

3、 译文忠实、通顺。

4、 4月1日课前上交,4月8日讲解。

Hawthorne Studies

Background

During the early part of the century, American businesses were swept by Scientific Management, a school of thought largely developed by Frederick Taylor. He pioneered the use of time and motion studies, in which management would carefully break down tasks into simple chunks, then work out the best way for a worker to execute the chunks (all the way down to how long a step to take, how often to break, how much water to drink, etc.). The worker then executed their jobs exactly as they were told, like automatons.

As part of the Scientific Management regime, companies routinely studied the effects of the physical environment on their workers. For example, they varied the lighting to find

the optimum level of light for maximum productivity. They piped in music, varied the temperature, tried different compensation schemes, adjusted the number of working hours in a day, etc.

The Hawthorne studies were carried out by the Western Electric company at their Hawthorne plant in the 1920's. Initially, the study focused on lighting.

Two things emerged from the initial studies: (1) the experimenter effect, and (2) a social effect. The

experimenter effect was that making changes was

interpreted by workers as a sign that management cared, and more generally, it was just provided some mental

stimulation that was good for morale and productivity. The social effect was that it seemed that by being separated from the rest and being given special treatment, the experimentees developed a certain bond and camaraderie that also increased productivity.

霍桑研究

背景

本世纪初期，美国企业的科学管理 扫，一派思想的弗雷德里克泰勒在很大程度上依赖 。他开创了时间和动作的研究使用，其中管理将会打破 任务为简单的块，然后解决 一个工人执行块的最佳方式（一直到多久 一步，如何经常休息，喝多少水，等）。然后执行他们的工作的工人 正如他们说的，像机器人似的。

作为科学的管理体制的一部分，公司定期对员工进行 物理环境的影响。 例如，他们不同的照明水平光最大的最佳找到 。他们乐，不同的温度，尝试 不同的补偿方案，调整在一天的工作小时数，

霍桑研究进行了西方 电力公司在他们的霍桑工厂在1920年代初期，研究重点照明 。

两件事情从最初的研究出现了：（1）第 实验者效应，和（2）社会影响。实验者效应是 改变被工人作为一个标志，管理和关心， 更普遍的是，它只是提供一些精神刺激是 士气和生产力的好。社会的影响是，似乎被 脱离休息和被给予特殊待遇，这形成了一定的债券

experimentees(实验者) 和情谊，还提高了生产力。