教师资格考试中学英语知识点讲解九

　　中小学教师职业道德规范教师资格证报名条件 【词条1】extend

　　【点拨】extend在句中用作及物动词，意为延长，扩大。如:

　　We will finally extend the road as far as the station.

　　【拓展】extend作及物动词，还可意为伸出，展开；给予(欢迎，帮助等)。如:

　　He refused to take the hand I extended in friendship.

　　We extended warm congratulations to the winners.

　　extend还可作不及物动词，意为延伸，延续，继续。如:

　　The hot weather may extend into October in this area.

　　【词条2】pretend

　　【点拨】pretend在句中意为假装，常用于结构pretend to do sth.。如:

　　She just pretended to be friendly to me.

　　【拓展】pretend还可接名词和that-clause。如:

　　He pretended sleep when his mother called him to do housework.

　　Lets pretend that we are grown-ups.

　　短语pretend to意为自称具有，自称应得到，to 为介词。如:

　　I dont pretend to much experience in this field.

　　【词条3】mark

　　【点拨】mark在句中用作动词，意为标志着。如:

　　This battle marks the end of the war.

　　【拓展】mark作动词，还常意为作标记；使有污点；标示；打分；纪念。如:

　　In this school， every kids hat is marked with his or her name.

　　A large scar marked his cheek.

　　The route to the tower has been marked in red.

　　Ive got a pile of papers to mark.

　　There will be ceremonies to mark the tenth anniversary of the company.

　　mark还可用作名词，常意为污点，疤痕；记号；标志，迹象；成绩。如:

　　The children left dirty marks all over the kitchen floor.

　　I put a mark in the margin to remind me to check the figure.

　　They stood up as a mark of respect when the guest entered the room.

　　He got the best mark in this English test.

　　经典短语透视

　　【短语1】consist of

　　【点拨】consist of意为由构成(组成)，不用于进行时和被动语态。如:

　　Our dinner consisted of four courses only.

　　【拓展】consist of的同义短语为be made up of。如:

　　The committee is made up of five members.

　　= The committee consists of five members.

　　consist in 意为在于，与lie in同义。如:

　　The future of a nation consists in its education.

　　= The future of a nation lies in its education.

　　【短语2】dress up

　　【点拨】dress up在句中意为打扮，常用作dress up as sb.打扮成某人；dress up in sth.穿着衣服。如:

　　Dont bother to dress up for the party， for it is informal.

　　My mom dressed up as a witch in Halloween last year.

　　Children often enjoy dressing up in their parentsclothes.

　　【拓展】dress up还可意为把打扮起来，给穿上衣服。如:

　　While Lily was being dressed up， Mary was playing with the cat.

　　热点语法聚焦

　　一、常用时态被动语态的构成形式

　　一般现在时 is / am / are + 动词的过去分词

　　一般将来时 will / shall + be + 动词的过去分词

　　现在完成时 has / have + been + 动词的过去分词

　　现在进行时 is / am / are +being +动词的过去分词

　　一般过去时 was / were + 动词的过去分词

　　过去将来时 would be + 动词的过去分词 was / were going to be + 动词的过去分词

　　过去完成时 had been + 动词的过去分词

　　过去进行时 was / were + being+动词的过去分词

　　二、被动语态的使用要点

　　1. 不及物动词不能用于被动语态及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词happen， take place， appear， arrive， die， fall， last， occur， remain， succeed， start等没有被动语态。例如:

　　Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. ()

　　Great changes have taken place in my hometown. ()

　　2. 表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态英语中有些动词(短语动词)不是表示动作，而是表示某种状态或情况，如拥有、容纳、适合、明白等意，这类词不能用于被动语态，常见的有:lack， mean， hold， have， become， last， cost， consist of， look like等。如:

　　The new stadium can be held 5，000 people. ()

　　The new stadium can hold 5，000 people. ()

　　3. 主动形式表示被动意义的词

　　(1)某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，常见的有:look， smell， taste， feel， prove， wear， sound等。如:Your idea sounds great.

　　(2) 某些行为动词后加副词(有些可不加副词)也可以表示被动意义，常见的有:wash， write， sell， read， handle， keep， pay等。如:

　　The meat cuts easily. The shoes wear well.

　　(3) want， deserve， need， require， worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

　　The point deserves mentioning.

　　4. 在主动语态中，若动词为make， let， see， hear， watch， notice时，后接不带to的动词不定式；但是变被动语态时，必须把省掉的to带上。例如:

　　You should make him deal with this problem carefully.

　　= He should be made to deal with this problem carefully.

　　5. 某些表语形容词后，常用不定式的主动表被动。

　　The question is difficult to understand.

　　6. 当不定式作定语，与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系时，用不定式的主动表被动。

　　Have you got anything to say at the meeting？

　　7. be to blame， be to let要用主动形式表示被动意思。

　　三、考例分析

　　1. Whats the noise？

　　Oh，I forgot to tell you. The new machine _______.

　　A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested

　　答案:C 。从题目的对话Whats the noise？可以看出，噪音现在存在着，所以新机器正在被测试。

　　2. I like these English songs and they ________ many times on the radio.

　　A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught

　　答案:D。they指代的是English songs，与teach构成被动关系，且强调完成。

　　3. Do you have any problems if you _______ this job？

　　Well， Im thinking about the salary ...

　　A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered

　　答案:C 。句意:如果给你这份工作，你有问题吗？本句应用被动语态，排除A、B，而条件状语从句中要用现在时表示将来，故C符合题意。

　　4. Did you go to the show last night？

　　Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area ________ invited.

　　A. were B. have been C. has been D. Was

　　答案:D。句意:你昨晚去看演出了吗？去了，这个地方的每一个人都被邀请了。主语是every boy and every girl，谓语要用单数，而整体时态是过去时，故选D。