托福听力TPO1原文 Lecture 3

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托福听力TPO1 原文 Lecture 3

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TPO 1 Lecture 3ArcheologyListen to part of a lecture in an archeology class.

ProfessorOK, we’ve been talking about early agriculture in the near east.
So let’s concentrate on one site and see what we can learn from it. Let’s look
at Catalhoyuk. Um… I’d better write that down. Catalhoyuk, that’s about as close
as we get in English. It’s Turkish, really. The site’s in modern day Turkey, and
who knows what the original inhabitants called it. Anyway, uh…Catalhoyuk wasn’t
the first agricultural settlement in the near east, but it was pretty early,
settled about 9,000 years ago in the Neolithic period. And ... um... the
settlement...uh...town really, lasted about a thousand years and grew to a size
of about eight or ten thousand people. That certainly makes it one of the largest
towns in the world at that time.

One of the things that make the settlement of this size impressive is the
time period. It’s the Neolithic, remember, the late Stone Age. So the people that
lived there had only stone tools, no metals. So everything they accomplished,
like building this town, they did with just stone, plus wood, bricks, that sort
of thing. But you got to remember that it wasn’t just any stone they had, they
had obsidian. And um... obsidian is a black, volcanic, well, almost like glass.
It flakes very nicely into really sharp points. The sharpest tools of the entire
Stone Age were made of obsidian. And uh... the people of Catalhoyuk got theirs
from further inland, from central Turkey, traded for it, probably.

Anyway, what I wanna focus on is the way the town was built. The houses are
all rectangular, one storey, made of sun-dried bricks. But what’s really
interesting is that there are no spaces between them, no streets in other words,
and so generally no doors on the houses either. People walked around on the roofs
and entered the house through a hatchway on the roof, down a wooden ladder. You
can still see the diagonal marks of the ladders in the plaster on the inside
walls. Once you were in the house, there would be one main room and a couple
of small rooms for storage. The main room had the hearths, for cooking and for
heat. It would’ve been pretty cold during the winters. And it also looks like
they made their tools near the fire. The re tends to be a lot of obsidian flakes
and chips in the hearth ashes, but no chimney. The smoke just went out the same
hatchway that people used for going in and out themselves. So there would have
been an open fire inside the house with only one hole in the roof to let the