电梯电器原理PIC的控制及维修

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黑龙江农业经济职业学院

毕业论文

电梯电器原理plc控制及修理

姓 名： 周博文 指导教师： 刘宁宁 专 业： 机电一体化 班 级： 机电112

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黑龙江农业经济职业学院机电工程系毕业论文

目 录

摘要 ····················································································································································· 3 前言 ····················································································································································· 4 1电梯的机械部件 ··························································································································· 5

1.1曳引系统 ····························································································································· 5

1.2电梯的驱动 ·························································································································· 5

1.3门的分类及开关门系统 ········································································································ 6 2 自行设计五层载人电梯 ··············································································································· 6

1.1额定载重量与轿厢最大有效面积的关系 ············································································ 6 3 电梯的电气控制系统 ··················································································································· 6

1.1电梯位置信号的产生 ·········································································································· 7

1.2电梯自动开关门的控制环节 ······························································································· 7 4 编写plc控制程序 ························································································································ 8

1.1电梯自动开关门的控制环节 ······························································································· 8

1.2开关门功能的处理 ·············································································································· 9 5 电梯日常维护及修理 ················································································································· 10

1.1一般常见机械故障及处理措施 ························································································· 10

1.2电梯一般常见的电器故障及维修处理方法 ······································································ 11 结论 ··············································································································································· 12 参考文献 ········································································································································ 13 致谢 ··············································································································································· 14

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毕业论文

黑龙江农业经济职业学院机电工程系毕业论文

电梯电器原理plc控制及修理

摘 要：论文研究的是当代机电一体化典型的产品之一——电梯。通过对电梯产品的机械机构、气控制原理及微机系统的控制进行系统性的叙述与描绘，对电机一体化这个新型的专业名词进一步的了解与认识。在内容结构安排上，机械系统介绍了最基础、最直观机械结构；电气控制原理，从传统的继电器控制，到PLC控制控制和微机控制电梯的控制原理。在附录中还提供了某些电梯的技术资料。

关键词：机械系统，电气控制系统，PLC微机控制系统

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黑龙江农业经济职业学院机电工程系毕业论文

前 言

电梯在垂直运行的过程中，有起点站也有重点站。对于三层以上建筑物内的电梯，起点站和终点站之间还设有停靠站。起点站设载一楼，终点站设在最高楼层。起点站和终点站称两端站，两端站之间的停靠站称中间层。各层站的层外设有召唤箱，箱上设置有供乘用人员召唤电梯用的召唤按钮。作为电梯基站的厅外召唤箱，除设置一只召唤按钮外还设置一只钥匙开关，以便上下班开启或关闭电梯。

电梯的运行工作情况和汽车有共同之处，但是汽车的启动、加速、停靠等全靠司机的控制操作。而电梯的自动化程度比较高，一般电梯的司机或乘用人员只需通过操纵箱上的按钮向电气控制系统下达一个指令信号，电梯就能自动关门、定向、启动、加速，在预定的层停靠开门。

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黑龙江农业经济职业学院机电工程系毕业论文

1.电梯的机械部件

机械部分相当于人的躯体。机械系统主要由曳引系统、轿厢和对重装置、导向系统、厅、轿门及开关门系统、机械安全保护系统等组成。其中曳引系统由曳引机、导向轮、曳引钢丝绳等部件组成。导向系统由导轨架、导轨、导靴等部件组成。机械安全保护系统主要由缓冲器、限速器、安全钳、制动器、门琐等部件组成。厅、轿门及开关门系统由轿门、厅门（层门）、开关门机构、门琐等部件组成。

1.1曳引系统

曳引系统的功能是输出和 传递动力，使电梯上下运行。主要由曳引机、曳引钢丝绳、导向轮等组成。根据曳引传递的形式不同，曳引系统在结构上也有所不同。

1.2电梯的驱动

电梯曳引钢丝绳的绕绳方式主要取决于曳引机的安装位置、轿厢的额定载重、额定速度等条件。曳引机的位置通常设在井道的上部，故在曳引电梯中通常采用的绕绳方式如下图2-1所示：

（a） 半绕1：1吊索法 (b) 半绕2：1吊索法 (c)全绕1：1吊索法

1 对重装置 2曳引绳 3导向轮 4 曳引轮 5对重轮 6 7复绕轮 8梯顶轮

图1 电梯常用曳

1对重绳轮 2对重导靴 3压板 4对重块 5对重架 6对重调整垫 7缓冲碰头 8曳引钢丝绳

图2有绳轮对重装置

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