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工学硕士学位论文

嵌入式指节折痕及手指静脉识别系统设计

硕士研究生 ：姜智超

指导教师 ：管凤旭 副教授

学位级别 ：工学硕士

学科、专业 ：模式识别与智能系统

所在单位 ：自动化学院

论文提交日期：2011 年 12 月

论文答辩日期：2012 年 3 月

学位授予单位：哈尔滨工程大学Classified Index:

U.D.C:

A Dissertation for the Degree of M.Eng

Design of Embedded finger crease and finger

vein Recognition System

Candidate: Jiang Zhichao

Supervisor: Associate Prof. Guan Fengxu

Academic Degree Applied for: Master of Engineering

Speciality: Pattern Recognition and Intelligent System

Date of Submission: December, 2011

Date of Oral Examination: March, 2012

University: Harbin Engineering University1

摘 要

近年来，嵌入式系统以其体积小、成本低、对环境适应能力强等特点，在生物特 征识别领域扮演的角色愈加重要。之前在基于指节折痕或手指静脉的生物特征识别系 统中，以单模态识别系统为主，而单模态识别系统在某些对识别效果要求较高的场合 下，存在较多不足。指节折痕与手指静脉两种人体特征在识别的过程中又分别具有各 自的优缺点。如指节折痕识别速度快，但识别程度低；手指静脉识别程度高，但对设 备精确度要求也更高。同时，它们又基本上分布在人体手部的同一个位置。因此，设 计与制作可以同时对这两种生物特征进行识别的嵌入式系统，达到比单模态系统更好 的识别效果。

本课题研究设计了基于 ARM 处理器和 Windows CE 操作系统的嵌入式识别系统。系 统的硬件平台主要分为三个部分：基于 ARM11 处理器的核心板；搭载系统所需各种扩 展接口的扩展板，包括液晶屏接口电路、串口电路、JTAG 电路、USB 电路、RTC 电路、 电源电路、摄像头接口电路等结构；以及专门针对指节折痕和手指静脉设计的，可连 续采集两种生物特征图像的图像采集装置，装置包括外部结构，可见光源,红外光源及 滤光镜，内部控制滤光镜及光源转换的机械结构，光源转换电路，用来接收图像的数 字摄像头，系统扩展板的转接板等部分。本文对系统硬件的相关设计过程做出了详细 的介绍。包括处理器与存储器的选取，扩展板上各功能模块的电路图与 PCB 的设计，

图像采集装置的整体结构、设计过程、工作原理及操作步骤。

在系统软件设计方面，介绍了嵌入式操作系统的选取。同时还介绍了 Windows CE 6.0 系统的构建与移植，以满足本设计所要开发的指节折痕及手指静脉的图像采集以 及预处理和匹配识别等功能，使所应用的 Window CE 系统除了应具有操作系统的基本 功能之外，还支持图像采集模块的驱动、LCD 显示，图像处理等功能。另外还包括系 统板级支持包的开发，内核的定制与烧写等内容。将软件系统植入后，整个嵌入式识 别系统设计完成。

最后，完成摄像头驱动和图像采集程序的设计，利用识别系统进行图像采集实验， 并对采集到的图像进行预处理。结果证明该嵌入式系统设计是可行的，为后期相关识 别算法的实现建立了可靠的平台。

关键词：嵌入式；ARM；生物特征识别；指节折痕；手指静脉2

ABSTRACT

In recently years, the role of embedded systems was increasingly important in the field of biometric, for its small size, low cost,adaptability to the environment, etc. In the past, biometric system based on the finger creases or finger vein was mainly relied on

single-mode recognition system, but in some situations requiring high identifying effects, there are more deficiencies for the single-mode recognition system. There were both

advantages and disadvantages in the process of finger creases and finger vein identifications based on two kinds of human characteristics.They were basically located in the same part of the body. So, embedded system which could be identified these two kinds of biometric would be design and development， recognition results could be better.

Embedded recognition system based on ARM processor and Windows CE operating system were designed by the article. Hardware platform was divided into three parts: the core board based on the ARM 11 processor; a variety of interface expansion board expansion which was need for equipped system, including the structure of the LCD

interface circuit, the serial circuit, the JTAG circuit, the USB circuit, the RTC circuit, the power circuit, the camera interface circuit, etc; and a biometric image acquisition device which is designed for continuously acquiring the image of finger creases and finger vein, including structure of the external, visible light source, infrared light source and filter, the mechanical structure of controlling the filter and the light source, circuit of light converting, digital camera, the adapter plate of connecting acquisition device and expansion boards. The process of system hardware design was made a detailed description by this article. Including the selection of processor and memory, circuit of the function module on the expansion board and the design of PCB, the overall structure of the image acquisition device, the design process, principle of the work and the operation steps.

In the software design part of the system, the article introduced the selection of

embedded operating systems, and the construction and transplantation of Windows CE 6.0 system, in order to achieve requirements of the design, making the basic functions and other functions included. The development of board support package and customization and programming of the kernel is also included. After implantation of the software system， the entire embedded system design identified was completed.

Finally, the camera driver and image capture program was designed. Image acquisition experiments was carried out on the recognition system, and image pre-processing was3 implemented. The results show that the embedded system design is feasible, a reliable

platform was established for achievement of the latter related recognition algorithm.

Key words: Embedded; ARM; Biometrics; Finger creases; Finger Vein1

目 录

第 1 章 绪论························································································································1

1.1 本课题相关研究背景的介绍 ·····················································································1

1.2 本课题研究的意义及目的·························································································2

1.3 相关识别技术研究现状····························································································3

1.3.1 手指静脉识别技术研究现状··············································································3

1.3.2 指节折痕识别技术研究现状··············································································4

1.3.3 嵌入式识别系统研究现状··················································································5

1.4 嵌入式识别系统的总体结构概述 ············································································5

1.5 本论文相关章节的内容安排 ····················································································7

第 2 章 识别系统硬件平台主体部分的设计·····································································8

2.1 本系统对于嵌入式处理器的选择 ············································································8

2.1.1 处理器类型的简要介绍 ·····················································································8

2.1.2 ARM 处理器 ········································································································9

2.2 识别系统硬件的总体设计思路 ················································································9

2.3 核心板部分的设计··································································································· 11

2.3.1 处理器················································································································ 11

2.3.2 存储器···············································································································12

2.4 系统扩展板的设计··································································································13

2.4.1 RTC 电路的设计································································································13

2.4.2 LCD 接口的电路设计 ·······················································································14

2.4.3 串行通信接口的电路设计················································································15

2.4.4 JTAG 接口的设计······························································································16

2.4.5 系统复位电路的设计 ·······················································································17

2.4.6 摄像头接口部分的电路设计············································································18

2.4.7 USB 接口电路的设计························································································19

2.4.8 系统电源电路的设计 ·······················································································21

2.5 识别系统扩展板的 PCB 设计原理及过程·····························································21

2.6 本章小结 ·················································································································23

第 3 章 图像采集装置的设计 ··························································································24

3.1 指节折痕与手指静脉的图像采集装置概述 ···························································24

3.2 采集装置整体结构的设计······················································································252

3.3 采集图像的原理及步骤···························································································27

3.4 采集装置与扩展板接口的转接设计 ······································································30

3.5 本章小结 ·················································································································32

第 4 章 系统操作平台的移植与建立···············································································33

4.1 嵌入式操作系统的选择··························································································33

4.2 Windows CE 操作系统平台的构建 ·········································································35

4.2.1 Windows CE 6.0 开发环境与工具·····································································35

4.2.2 系统板级支持包（BSP）的开发·····································································35

4.3 Windows CE 6.0 内核的定制···················································································36

4.4 Windows CE 6.0 内核的烧写···················································································38

4.5 本章小结 ·················································································································39

第 5 章 特征图像的采集与实验结果分析·······································································40

5.1 指节折痕与手指静脉的图像采集 ··········································································40

5.1.1 摄像头驱动开发 ·······························································································40

5.1.2 图像采集程序的设计 ·······················································································40