水溶液全循环法制尿素中压系统工艺设计与优化

水溶液全循环法制尿素中压系统工艺设计与优化

Full Cycle of the Aqueous Solution Method for

Manufacturing Urea in the Pressure System Process Design

and Optimization

目录

摘要 ......................................................................................................................... Ⅰ Abstract.................................................................................................................... Ⅱ

第1章 概述 ............................................................................................................. 3

1.1 尿素的物理化学性质和用途 .......................................................................................... 3

1.2 尿素的生产方法简介 ...................................................................................................... 4

1.3 两种方法的比较 .............................................................................................................. 4

第2章 水溶液全循环法生产尿素的原理 ............................................................. 7

2.1 反应原理 .......................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 反应机理 .......................................................................................................................... 7

第3章 水溶液全循环法的生产工艺流程 ............................................................. 9

3.1 尿素的合成 ...................................................................................................................... 9

3.2 尿素的工艺流程图 .......................................................................................................... 9

3.3 合成尿素工艺流程 ........................................................................................................ 10

3.5 原料的净化与输送 ........................................................................................................ 12

3.6 尿素溶液的蒸发与造粒 ................................................................................................ 13

第4章 生产尿素的工艺条件 ............................................................................... 15

4.1 温度的影响 .................................................................................................................... 15

4.2 氨碳比（摩尔比）或过量氨的影响 ............................................................................ 16

4.3 水碳比 ............................................................................................................................ 16

4.4 操作压力 ........................................................................................................................ 17

4.5 反应时间 ........................................................................................................................ 17

4.6 惰性气体的影响 ............................................................................................................ 17

第5章 生产尿素的主要设备 ............................................................................... 19

5. 1 脱硫塔 ........................................................................................................................... 19

5. 2 二氧化碳压缩机 ........................................................................................................... 19

5. 3 合成塔 ........................................................................................................................... 19

5. 4中压分解加热器 ............................................................................................................ 19

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5.5 中压分解分离器 ............................................................................................................ 19

5.6 中压吸收器 .................................................................................................................... 20

5.7 氨冷凝器 ........................................................................................................................ 20

5.8 氨吸收塔 ........................................................................................................................ 20

第6章 物料衡算和热量衡算 ............................................................................... 21

6.1 物料衡算 ........................................................................................................................ 21

6.2 热量衡算 ........................................................................................................................ 29

结 论 ..................................................................................................................... 33 致 谢 ..................................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。

参考文献 ................................................................................................................. 34

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水溶液全循环法制尿素中压系统工艺设计与优化

摘要：尿素工业化生产以来的百余年间，一直是肥料工业生产的主要品种。具有生产工艺简单，生产操作易于掌握；生产设备容易制造，投资较省；施用后见效快，增产显著等特点。尿素在各种肥料新品种不断涌现的情况下产销量仍居高不下。本设计介绍了尿素的性质、用途、生产方法和发展状况，详细描述了水溶液全循环法生产尿素的工艺流程，重点介绍了尿素的中压系统工业生产的过程，操作压力的控制在1.6?1.8 MPa左右；操作温度的控制 90?95℃；水碳比的控制在4.0；氨水、回流氨的控制进料中氨水浓度维持在90%?95%左右。并对单位质量参加反应的原料进行物料衡算和热量衡算，以期获得低耗能、低污染、高产出的尿素生产工艺。

关键词：尿素 中压系统 全循环 工艺流程

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Full cycle of the aqueous solution method for manufacturing urea in the pressure

system process design and optimization

Abstract：over a hundred years since the industrial production of urea has been the main varieties of the industrial production of fertilizer. It has the following characteristics: the production process is simple and production operations are easy to be mastered and production equipment is easy to be manufactured; Cheaper investment; applied soon after to see the effect; increase significantly and so on. Urea production and sales are still high in the case of emerging of new varieties of all kinds of fertilizer. This design introduces urea the nature, purposes, methods of production and development, A detailed description of the process flow of the aqueous solution of the whole cycle of production of urea, Highlights the process of industrial production of urea in the pressure system. The operating pressure should be controlled in the 1.6 MPa to 1.8 MPa; operating temperature should be controlled at 90 to 95 ° C; The ratio of water and carbon ratio should be controlled at 4.0; Ammonia, returning control of the ammonia, the ammonia concentration in the feed should be maintained at 90% to 95%. And the unit mass to participate in the reactant material balance calculations and heat balance calculations in order to obtain a low energy consumption, low pollution, high-yield urea production process. Keywords: urea medium voltage systems full cycle process

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