信息管理与信息系统专业英语：专业词汇的中英文翻译和具体英文介绍

信息管理与信息系统专业英语：专业词汇的中英文翻译和具体英文介绍

 1. information
 Information, in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be
interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals.
Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. Conceptually,
information is the message (utterance or expression) being conveyed. This concept has numerous
other meanings in different contexts.[1] Moreover, the concept of information is closely related to
notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning,
mental stimulus, pattern, perception, representation, and especially entropy.
 (信息,在其最受限制的技术意义上,是一个序列的符号,可以被解释为一个消息。信息可以被
记录为标志,或传输信号。信息是任何类型的事件,影响一个动态系统的状态。从概念上讲,
信息是信息(话语或表达式)的表达。这一概念具有许多其他在不同语境下的含义。[1]此外,
信息的概念密切相关的概念约束、通信、控制、数据、形式、指令、知识、意义,精神刺激,
模式,感知的代表性,尤其是熵。)
 2. How to measure information? 如何衡量信息？
 Numerically, information is measured in bits (short for binary digit). One bit is equivalent to the
choice between two equally likely choices. When there are several equally likely choices, the
number of bits is equal to the logarithm of the number of choices taken to the base two.
 The mathematical expression for information content closely resembles the expression for
entropy in thermodynamics.
 在数字上，使用位（是二进制数的缩写）来度量信息。一位表示在两个发生概率完全相同
的选择中选择其一。当有几种相同的概率选择时，位数等于可选择数的以二为底的对数。
 用于信息内容的数学表达式很类似于热动力学的熵的表达式。
 3. What‘s the difference between data and information
  Data is raw material for data processing. data relates to fact, event and transactions. Data
refers to unprocessed information.
  Information is data that has been processed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person
who receives it. it is any thing that is communicated.

 For example,researchers who conduct market research survey might ask a member of the public
to complete questionnaires about a product or a

 service. These completed questionnaires are data; they are processed and analyze in order to
prepare a report on the survey. This resulting report is information.
 数据处理的数据是原材料。 数据涉及的事实、事件和交易。 数据指未处理的信息。 信
息数据被处理方式有意义的接收它的人。 它是沟通的任何东西。 例如，进行市场调查的研
究人员调查成员市民可能会问到有关产品或服务的完整问卷。 这些问卷数据；他们的处理
和分析，以便编写报告的调查。 这个生成的报告的信息。
 4. Roll-up access ,Roll-down access
 5. BPR business process reengineering(业务流程重组)
 Business process re engineering means creatively applying information technology in business
process reengineering and organization structure redesign of enterprise under the guidance of
business process, and carrying out overall innovation in enterprise s organization and management.