科学英语：探索纳米世界的结构动力学

A new technique for visualizing1 the rapidly changing electronic structures of atomic-
scale materials as they twist, tumble and traipse across the nanoworld is taking
shape at the California Institute of Technology. There, researchers have for the first
time successfully combined two existing methods to visualize2 the structural3
dynamics4 of a thin film of graphite. Described this week in the journal Structural
Dynamics, from AIP Publishing and the American Crystallographic Association, their
approach integrated a highly specific structural analysis technique known as "core-
loss spectroscopy" with another approach known as ultrafast four-dimensional (4-D)
electron microscopy -- a technique pioneered by the Caltech laboratory, which is
headed by Nobel laureate Ahmed Zewail.

In core-loss spectroscopy, the high-speed probing electrons can selectively excite
core electrons of a specific atom in a material (core electrons are those bound most
tightly to the atomic nucleus). The amount of energy that the core electrons gain
gives insight into the local electronic structure, but the technique is limited in the
time resolution it can achieve -- traditionally too slow for fast catalytic reactions. 4-D
electron microscopy also reveals the structural dynamics of materials over time by
using short pulses of high-energy electrons to probe samples, and it is engineered
for ultrafast time resolution.

Combining these two techniques allowed the team to precisely5 track local changes
in electronic structure over time with ultrafast time resolution.

"In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that we can probe deep core
electrons with rather high binding6 energies exceeding 100 eV," said Renske van der
Veen, one of the authors of the new study. "We are equipped with an ultrafast
probing tool that can investigate, for example, the relaxation7 processes in
photocatalytic nanoparticles, photoinduced phase transitions in nanoscale materials
or the charge transfer dynamics at interfaces8."


词汇解析：
1 visualizing
肉眼观察
参考例句：
Nevertheless, the Bohr model is still useful for visualizing the structure of an atom.
然而，玻尔模型仍有利于使原子结构形象化。
Try to strengthen this energy field by visualizing the ball growing stronger. 通过想象
能量球变得更强壮设法加强这能量场。