雅典卫城

雅典卫城

雅典卫城，是希腊最杰出的古建筑群，阿克罗波利斯建造的神庙，是综合型的公共建筑，为
宗教政治的中心地。卫城始建于公元前580 年，坐落在面积约为4 平方千米的一块高地上。
坚固的城墙筑在四周。高地东面、南面和北面都是悬崖绝壁，地形十分险峻。卫城中最早的
建筑是雅典娜神庙和其他宗教建筑。雅典卫城，是世界新七大奇迹之一，也称为雅典的阿克
罗波利斯，希腊语意为“高处的城市”或“高丘上的城邦”。

雅典卫城距今已有3000 年的历史。雅典卫城遗址位于今雅典城西南，建造在海拔150 米的
石灰岩山冈上，是祭祀雅典守护神雅典娜的神圣地。 卫城，原意是奴隶主统治者的圣地，
古代在此建有神庙，同时又是城市防卫要塞。公元前5 世纪，雅典奴隶主民主政治时期，雅
典卫城遂成为国家的宗教活动中心，自希腊联合各城邦战胜波斯入侵后，更被视为国家的象
征。每逢宗教节日或国家庆典，公民列队上山进行祭神活动。

作为古希腊建筑的的代表作，雅典卫城达到了古希腊圣地建筑群、庙宇、柱式和雕刻的最高
水平。这些古建筑无可非议的堪称人类遗产和建筑精品，在建筑学史上具有重要地位。迄今
保存下来的大量的珍贵遗迹，集中展示了希腊的古代文明。世界遗产委员会评价为：“文明、
神话、宗教在希腊兴盛了一千多年。阿克罗波利斯包含四个古希腊艺术最大的杰作——巴特
农神庙、通廊、厄瑞克修姆庙和雅典娜胜利神庙——被认为是世界传统观念的象征。”




Acropolis is the most outstanding work of ancient Greek architecture. Temples in Acropolis are
comprehensive public buildings and are the centre of the religion and politics. Founded in 580 BC,
Acropolis is located on an upland that covers an area of 4 square kilometers surrounded by strong
walls. The upland, whose east, south and north sides are all cliffs and precipices, is very steep.
The earliest buildings are the Athenaeum and other religious architectures. Acropolis, also called
Acropolis of Athens, whose Greek meaning is “city on high ground” or “city-state on a plateau”, is
one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

Acropolis, which is located in southwest Athens, has a history of 3000 years. Built on a Limestone
hill that is 150 meters above sea level, the Acropolis was meant to commemorate Patron saint
Athena. Acropolis used to be the Holy Land of ancient Slave rulers. Not only were the temples
built here, it was also a defensive fortress of the city. In 5th century BC, during the period of
democratic politics ruled by Athens slave owners, the Acropolis became the religious center of the
State. Since Greece defeated Persian’s invasion by joint efforts of several other city-states,, it was
viewed as a national symbol. Upon every religious festival or national celebration, citizens lined
up the mountain for ritual activities.

As a representative work of ancient Greek architecture, Acropolis of Athens has reached the
highest level o f sacred buildings, temples, orders and sculptures in ancient Greece. These ancient
buildings, above exception, can be rated as the heritage of mankind and architectural masterpiece,
and hold an important position in architecture history. Preserved up to now, the large quantities of