海商法英文习题

海商法英文

1. Joint and several liability means that the goods are in charge of the actual carrier for the loss, damage or delay in delivery. Bill of lading holder can either claim to the carrier, and can claim to the actual carrier. It should be noted that, the provisions of the joint and several liability are not the joint and several liability under the contributory infringement. Because it does not fully comply with the common characteristics of joint and several liability under tort. In the event of damage to the cargo, the basis of cargo claims is different between the carrier and the actual carrier , the former is based on the contract of carriage, while the latter is a right of cargo owner given by the law.

2. NVOCC operators, include China NVOCC operators and foreign NVOCC operators according to People's Republic of China International Marine Regulations Implementing Rules. The applicant shall submit an application to the Ministry of Transport, submit relevant materials, and shall also send a copy of the application materials business of the province, autonomous regions and municipalities transport authorities.

(A) the application;

(B) the feasibility study report and investment agreement;

(C) the applicant's business registration document (to be established companies, primarily the investor's business registration documents or identification);

(D) the ship ownership certificate, a copy or copies of citizenship certificates and statutory inspection certificate;

(E) the bill of lading, passenger tickets or multimodal transport document samples;

(F) Qualification of senior business executives in line with the

provisions of the proof of the Ministry of Transport.

Applicant should obtain "NVOCC business qualification registration certificate" and apply to the appropriate business registration procedures in the original company registration authority before engaging in NVOCC operations.

3. According to People's Republic of China International Marine Regulations Implementing Rules, foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperative enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises not investing in China must appoint a Chinese international shipping agent to undertake.So in this case, the foreign shipping company do not need to satisfy the requirement of China NVOCC.