环境保护-1Word

　　Environmental Legislation RegulationsProfessor Natalie Carroll ASM 336 September 18, 2005

　　Who governs environmental laws and policies?

　　US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): The governing body for major statues or laws

　　National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)-1969: establishes policies, set goals and facilitate the implementation of such policies NEPA requires federal agencies to assess environmental impact of implementing their major program (Work with NASA Army)

　　Positive Aspects of Regulations

　　Protection of the Environment

　　Concerns about Regulations

　　Structured so costs excessive compared to benefits. Command-and-control US Free Market Choice Uneven application of regulations Lack properly structured incentives Generate inefficiencies Paper work, costs Duplicative (Federal, State, etc)

　　Environmental Regulations

　　Clean Air Act (CAA)-1970 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)-1974 Clean Water Act (CWA)-1977 Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) 1976 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)-1980 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) -1972 Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) -1996

　　Clean Air Act (CAA) - 1970

　　Diesel Engines

　　Odor

　　Safe Drinking Water Act

　　Protect nation’s sources of drinking water Protect public health through treatment techniques MCL’s: Maximum Contaminant Level Protect underground sources of drinking water Well Head protection areas

　　Clean Water Act (1972)

　　Water Pollution Control Restore maintain chemical, physical and biological integrity of the nation’s waters Community sewers NPS pollution control (TMDL’s!!!) National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)

　　Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA)

　　Hazardous Waste Underground tanks Control Solid Waste Regulation of facilities which burn waste

　　Comprehensive Environment Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)

　　Also known as the Superfund Establish a Hazardous Substance Superfund Establish regulations controlling hazardous waste sites Provide liability for hazardous waste release from inactive sites

　　Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)-1986

　　Revise and extends CERCLAEmergency planning preparedness, community right-to-know reporting and toxic chemical release reporting

　　Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

　　Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

　　Regulates the use and safety of pesticides products and features Classification and certification of pesticide by specific use Evaluation of risk posed by pesticides (Required for registration) Restriction of use of pesticides harmful to the environment Enforcement of requirements through inspections, labeling, notices and state regulations Groundwater management plan

　　Additional Re

　　gulations

　　Wild and Scenic Rivers Act -establishes wild and scenic river system Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) - balanced preservation development in coastal areas Endangered Species Act - conserve endangered and threatened species

　　Additional Regulations

　　Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act - regulates dumping of all types of materials into ocean Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) - sets up toxic substances program - EPA can require manufacturers to collect data on effects of their substance National Historic Prevention Act -preserve, restore and maintain cultural resources

　　Additional Regulations

　　Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) -1970 Oil Pollution Act (OPA)-1990Endangered Species Act (ESA)-1973

　　The following slides were taken from a presentation given by Dr. Thomas L. Theis, Director of the Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago. September 13, 2005, Purdue University Seminar title: Environmental Manufacturing

　　Management: A New Approach to Sustainability

　　CONTEXT

　　We Have Been Altering the Environment for a Long Time – but are Just Beginning to Take Responsibility Environmental Issues are Not Just More Global, but More Complex Firms are Increasingly Being Held Responsible for Environmental and Social Externalities With Which They are Associated

　　Sustainability Requires a Different Way of Thinking About How We Interact Within the Environment That: Stresses integration of our needs with those of our progeny Views the natural world as a constrained system Sees humanity as part of a symbiotic relationship with the world Recognizes the value of ecosystem services Understands the need to make decisions within a holistic framework

　　Waste Minimization / Global Sustainability

　　Strategic

　　Systems Approach

　　Physical / Chemical / Biological Sciences; Architecture; Law; Ethics; Urban Planning -Integrative

　　Traditional (Compliance) PerspectiveFinal product and residuals measured at the factory, in terms of materials production.Residuals: Waste pollution

　　Finished material

　　Systems (Optimization) PerspectiveFilm paper production

　　Final product is measured in terms of service, rather than material, at end of chain r

　　ather than in middle.

　　Exposure (Capture)

　　Storage

　　Film developing printing

　　Final Product

　　DRIVING FORCES

　　Accelerated Costs of Environmental Compliance Legislation Focused on Product and Socially Responsible Stewardship New, More Efficient Processing Technologies Application of Life Cycle Analysis and Total Cost Accounting Ability to Measure More Accurately the Impacts of Waste Emissions

　　USEPA Policy Statement“…to move the Nation from a waste-oriented to a life cycle management way of thinking about materials”. (USEPA Strategic Plan, 2003-2008, p. 60)