定语从句课件_绝对经典系列Word

　　定语从句The Attributive Clause

　　知识准备

　　什么是定语： 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。

　　. 4.定语 修饰和限定名词和代词的词。通常由形容词，代 词(多为形容词性物主代词),数词，介词短语，动词不 定式，分词和从句(定语从句)来担当。 a kind girl, a book on the desk I have homework to finish. the fallen leaves the boy who is very smart

　　基本结构He was holding onto a tree that grew against the wall. 还原 主句: He was holding onto a tree.

　　从句：A tree grew against the wall.

　　定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该 名词或代词。

　　名词/代词 + 定语从句

　　1. 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2. 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系代词：who, whom(作宾语成分), whose, that, which 关系副词：when(时间), where(地点),why (原因)

　　关系代词

　　关系副词

　　起连词作用，本 即起连接作用， 身又作从句中的主语、 本身又在从句中作时 宾语、表语或定语 间、地点或原因状语 who,whom(…的人) whose(某人的…) which(…东西，指物) that(…的人或物，指 物或人) as(象…那样的，和… 相同，正如) when(…的时候，修 饰的时间名词) where(…的地方修 饰场所、方位等名词 ) why(…原因；…理 由)

　　关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用 2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用 Eg: 1.Those who want to go please should be ready. 2. Bill, who was my student , asked me questions.

　　关系词引导定语从句，同时指代先

　　行词在 定语从句中充当的成分

　　所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现, 也不用其他词代替

　　Bill is a boy who I teach him.

　　引导词 关 系 代 词 who

　　先行词 人

　　成分 主，宾

　　whom whichthat whose (=of whom/which)

　　人 物人或物 人或物 地点词

　　宾(可省) 主，宾(可 省) 主，宾可省 定状

　　关 系 副 词

　　where (=介词+which)

　　when (=介词+ which)why (= for which)

　　时间词reason

　　状状

　　关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又 在定语从句中充当状语。不能省略. 关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。 1、When指时间，在定语从句中充当时间状语。 He told me the date when(on which) he joined the Party. 2、Where指地点，在定语从句中充当地点状语。 This is the place where(in which) we lived ten years ago. 3、Why指原因，在定语从句中充当原因状语。 I know the reason why(for which) she was so angry.

　　关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。 同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where,有时使 用that/which;同样是修饰一个时间，有时使 用when, 有时使用that/which。这主要看两 点：一：先行词在从句中所作成分；二：是定语 从句中的谓语动词是否是

　　一个及物动词。1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. This is the park where we held a birthday party. 2.She won’t forget the days (that )she spent on the island. She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.

　　用关系副词和关系代词B (1)This is the factory ________ I visited last year. A (2)This is the factory _______ I worked last year. (3)This is the factory _______ produces all kinds B of TV sets. A. where B. which C. whom D. whose B. 以上三个句子只有细微的差别，但答案却不同：做这 种题时，要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所 充当的成分； 1)中是动宾关系，即I visited the factory.因此选which2)中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：I worked in the factory,因此选where。

　　3)中是作定语从句中的主语，即: the factory produces all kinds …不作地点状语，因此选which

　　where I went last (1)Hangzhou is the place ______ summer. which/that/ x 2) He read the book ______ his sister had told him about. Why/ for which 3) The reason ______ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam. When/on which 4) I remember the day ______ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time. why 5) Please give me the reason ______ you were late this time. Where/in which 6) I will go back to the place ______ I grew up and live there forever.

　　二.关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：

　　This is the car ____which I bought last / year. for This is the car ____which I paid 100$. on This is the car ____which I spent 100$. in This is the car ____which I go to work every day. This is the car without ______ which I can’t go to work. by This is the car ____which the old man was knocked down at This is the car ____which a boy threw a stone. This is the carabout ____which we talked .

　　This is the car ____which the window was broken of

　　2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯

　　搭配，如：

　　e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms with which I’m not familiar. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，

　　请体会：

　　e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.

　　of which I heard was written 1) The book __________ 20 years ago. to whom the man spoke 2) The people __________ weren’t listening. in which I fell asleep was very 3) The film __________ boring. with which 4) The pen __________ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum. in which 5) The little creature __________ scientists are interested is known as ET. by which 6) The gun __________ he was shot was never found.

　　三.Whose引起从句可转换为“ of +关系代词” 型，即 the+ n + of +which/whom 如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.

　　They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.

　　四.限制和非限制性定语从句: restrictive attributive clause(无

　　逗号) non- restrictive attributive clause(有逗号)

　　. Xi hua who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.

　　Xi hua ,who I met across in the street a few days ago has gone abroad.

　　五.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但 有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开 来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句. There are thousands of stars in the sky that are like our sun.

　　The days are gone when we suffered so much. Carl still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chemistry lab.