现在完成时的讲解和练习题 李兰答案

　　帮助学生更好掌握现在完成时

　　周末重难点现在完成时的讲解和练习题

　　一、构成：主语 + have/has + 过去分词+其他

　　否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。

　　疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?

　　简略答语: (肯定)Yes, 主语 + have/has. (否定)No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)

　　二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在

　　（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态

　　常与just（刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet（仍然，还），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times（多少次），so far（迄今为止），up to now ,till now 等时间状语连用。如：

　　※副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come . ②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the Great Wall.

　　③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever ＋过去分词？“?曾经??过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。 Have you ever been to the farm？

　　④before用于句末， The woman has never heard of that before.

　　⑤yet用于句末或not之后. Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.

　　⑥already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it.

　　⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.

　　（二）：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：

　　①for＋表示一段时间的词语 I have taught English for 19 years。

　　②since＋表示过去时间点的词语 He has been at this schoolsince 1986.

　　③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句 I have lived here since I was born.

　　④since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.

　　三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）连用的动词必须用延续性动词（肯定句）。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。 Eg. I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?

　　常见终止性动词和延续性动词的相应转换形式如下:

　　1、borrow / lend→keep, 2、buy→have, 3、finish / end→be over,

　　4、begin / start→be on 5、open→be open 6、 close→be closed, 7、die→be dead

　　8、arrive /come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there,

　　9、leave→be away（from） 10、go to school→be in school / be a student,

　　11、get up→be up, 12、fall asleep→be asleep 13、fall ill→be ill

　　14、get to know→know, 15、lose→be lost 16、become→be 17、begin to study→study,

　　18、return / come back / get back→be back 19、join→be in / be a?member,

　　20、join the army→be in the army /be a soldier

　　21、receive / get a letter→have a letter 22、 catch / get a cold→have a cold

　　Eg.他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:

　　He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.

　　Hehas been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.

　　四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题

　　1. have been to和have gone to的区

　　帮助学生更好掌握现在完成时

　　have been to强调“曾经去过?”，现已不在那里，已经回来了

　　have gone to主要强调的是“去了?”，可能在去的途中，或在去的目的地。

　　2. have been to和have been in的区别

　　have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。

　　have been in表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语

　　练习题

　　I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.

　　1. I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ________ (see) it last week.

　　2. _____ he ____ (finish) his work today? Not yet.

　　3. My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.

　　4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.

　　5. I __________ (work) here since I ______ (move) here in 1999.

　　6. So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.

　　7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.

　　8. I ________ just ___________ (finish) my homework.

　　9. He ________ (go) to school on foot every day.

　　10.____ you ______ (find) your science book yet?

　　11. If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.

　　12. The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.

　　13. Look! The monkey __________ (climb) the tree.

　　14. My mother __________ (come) to see me next Sunday.

　　15. I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?

　　II. Choose the best answer.

　　( )1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _________what's happened to him . Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

　　( )2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

　　Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

　　( )3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

　　Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

　　( )4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

　　Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written

　　( )5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

　　—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

　　Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

　　Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

　　( )6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

　　Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study

　　Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying

　　( )7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

　　Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew

　　( )8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

　　Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see

　　( )9、—These farmers have been to the United States .

　　帮助学生更好掌握现在完成时

　　—Really ? When _____ there ?

　　Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go

　　Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone

　　( )10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?

　　—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

　　Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished

　　Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish

　　( )11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

　　Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in

　　( ) 12、—Do you know him well ?

　　— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

　　Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

　　( )13、—How long have you ____ here ?

　　—About two months .

　　Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived

　　( ) 14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

　　Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun

　　Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began

　　( )15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .

　　Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was

　　( )16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library . Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been

　　( )17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

　　Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to

　　Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been

　　( )18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?

　　A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they

　　( )19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?

　　A. How soon, comes B. How often, got

　　C. How long, came D. How far, arrived

　　( )20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.

　　A. has come here B. has started to work

　　C. has lived there D. has left the university

　　( )21. How long have you _______ here?

　　A. come B. got C. arrived D. been

　　( )22. My grandpa died _________.

　　A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.

　　( )23. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.

　　A. been B. gone C. went D. never been

　　( )24. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.

　　A. after B. since C. for D. that

　　( )25.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times.

　　A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet

　　( )26. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?