英语教师资格笔试备考之定语从句易错点

　　定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重要语法项目，也是教师资格考试中考查学生的专业知识与能力的体现。根据这一知识点在中学英语教学中的实际地位，现将定语从句易出错的地方归纳为以下几点，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用

　　例 1. Ill never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.

　　例 2. Ill never forget the days which I visited New York with you.

　　析：例 1 中的 when 应改为 which 或 that ;例 2 中的 which 应改为 when .

　　区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，就应考虑使用关系代词，如例 1 ;若定语从句中缺少状语，就应考虑使用关系副词，如例 2 .

　　【考场思维训练】

　　1.After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.

　　A. which B. where C. that D. when

　　【答案】B。解析：定语从句缺地点状语。

　　2. I never forget the days _____ we spent together.

　　A. that B. when C. whose D. what

　　【答案】A。解析：that在定语从句中作spent 的宾语。

　　3. Have you seen the film Titanic, ______ leading actor is world famous?

　　A. its B. it s C. whose D. which

　　【答案】C。解析：whose作定语从句中主语的定语。

　　易错点二：固定句式出差错 (关系代词as的用法)

　　例 3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.

　　例 4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.

　　析：例 3 中的 as 应改为 that ; 例 4 中的 that 应改为 as .

　　soas 或 sothat 为固定句式，前者为 as 引导的定语从句， as 在定语从句中作宾语或主语，如例 4 ;后者为 that 引导的结果状语从句，该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或宾语，如例 3 .类似的固定句式还有 the same as (that) , suchas , asas 等。

　　【考场思维训练】

　　1、The word write has the same pronunciation ____ the word right

　　A. of B. as C. to D. from

　　【答案】B。解析：as引导的限制性定语从句既可指人又可指物，它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词，故选B。

　　2、We have found such materials ____ are used in their factory.

　　A. what B. that C. how D. as

　　【答案】D。解析：such+名词+as像一样的;像之类 the same+名词+as.. 和同样的，其中关系代词as在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。该句中作主语，故选D。

　　3、This book is very interesting. Where did you buy it? I will buy the same book you have bought.

　　A. which B. as C. that D. what

　　【答案】B。解析：the sameas...

　　4. Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination

　　problem ____ none of us worked out.

　　A. that B. as C. so that D. which

　　【答案】B。解析：此题易误选为A，选A是把as引导的定语从句与so / suchthat结果状语从句弄混淆了。so 修饰先行词时用as引导定语从句且as刚好能作worked out这一及物性动词短语的宾语，故as正确;而选A则只能为如此以至于的结果状语从句，此时that不在从句中做成分，故此时worked out 缺少宾语，因而选that错误。

　　易错点三：主谓不一致

　　例 5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.

　　例 6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.

　　析：例 5 中的 likes 应改为 like ;例 6 中的 like 应改为 likes .

　　在 one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式，如例 5 ;在 the (only) one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句结构中，先行词是 one ，而不是复数名词，故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例 6 .

　　易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合

　　例 7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen?

　　例 8. Youd better make a mark at where you have any questions.

　　析：例 7 中第一个 that 应改为 where ;例 8 中应去掉 at .

　　例 7 为带有定语从句的强调句， you bought the recorder 为定语从句，其引导词应用 where ，后面第二个 that 才是强调句中的 that ，此句可还原为： You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例 8 为 where 引导的地点状语从句。

　　【考场思维训练】

　　例题： Was it in the village _____ we used to live in _____ the accident happened?

　　A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which

　　【答案】B。解析：句意是：在我们过去生活的村子发生事故的吗?

　　这是一个强调句型, 去掉中间那部分就是：Was it in the village (that) the accident happened?

　　强调的是地点状语in the village,所以要用that引导.

　　中间是一个定语从句修饰village

　　Was it in the village (which) we used to live in.

　　引导定语从句的关系代词是做介词in的宾语,所以用which 或者 that.由于是做宾语,也可以什么都不填.但是绝对不能用where. 但如果把后面的in去掉的话,就要用where在定语从句中做地点状语了.所以综合起来就是选B.

　　易错点五：对先行词概念不明确

　　例 9. It this library that you visited yesterday?

　　例 10. Is this the library where you visited yesterday?

　　析：例 9 中应在 library 后加 the one ;例 10 中的 where 应去掉或改为 that 或 which .(先行词为地点，关系词不一定用where)

　　在例 9 中， this library 是主语， is 是谓语， that 引导的是定语从句，但没有先行词，故应补加先行词;在例 10 中， the library 是先行词，定语从句缺少宾语，故应用 that 或 which 来引导，当然也可以省略。

　　【考场思维训练】

　　1. Is this the factory ____ he worked ten years ago?

　　A. that B. where C. which D. the one

　　2. Is this the factory ____ you visited the other day?

　　A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

　　3. Is this factory ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

　　A. that B. where C. which D. the one

　　解析：对于以上三题，同学们如果稍疏忽，不仔细分析句子结构，弄清关系词的功能，很有可能全选B。我建议大家解此类题时分两步走一一瞻前、顾后。所谓瞻前，即确定先行词;所谓顾后，即判断代替先行词的关系词在后面的定语从句中充当何种成分。诚然，以上三题先行词factory是表地点的名词，但是代替它的关系词在后面定语从句中充当的成分却不一样。我们将其还原到从句中可以看到，在第一句中它搭配介词in充当地点状语，即he worked in the factory ten years ago. 所以关系词选where毋容置疑。在第二句中它充当visit的宾语，即you visit the factory the other day.所以关系词只能选that。在第三句中，主句缺表语，将题干还原为陈述句可得this factory is ____ some foreign friends visited last Friday.我们需要先把主句补充完整才便于考虑后面的定语从句，因而此处填入的词既要能充当主句的表语，还要能在从句中作visit的宾语，只有D项the one符合。但要注意：the one不是关系词，是先行词，作定语从句先行词时，关系词that可以省略。

　　【小结】定语从句关系词的选择，不仅仅要看先行词是人物/时间/地点/原因，而且还要重点关注它在定语从句中充当的成分。

　　易错点六：特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误

　　例 11. I dont like the way which you speak to her.

　　例 12. I dont care for pay. I just want to get a job that I can be greatly valued.

　　析：例 11 中应在 which 前加 in 或将 which 改为 that 或去掉;例 12 中的 that 应改为 where 或 in which .

　　在定语从句中，有些特殊名词作先行词时其关系词的选取有一定的特殊性，如 way 作先行词时，其引导词可用 that 或 in which 或省略，如例 11 ;与 way 相似的还有 job, situation, point, case 等作先行词时，这些先行词若是被抽象成地点的名词，关系词应考虑用 where 或 in which ，如例 12 .

　　【考场思维训练】

　　例题：Its helpful to put children in a situation ___ they can see themselves differently.

　　A. that B. when C. which D. where

　　【答案】D。解析：这里的先行词是a situation，带入定语从句中还原后为they can see themselves differently in the situation, 所以关系词应为where,相当于in which。

　　易错点七：忽略as 和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别

　　例 13. He failed in the exam again, which was expected.

　　例 14. He failed in the exam again, as was not what he had expected.

　　析：例 13 中的 which 应改为 as ;例 14 中的 as 应改为 which .

　　as 和 which 虽然都可引导非限制性定语从句，但仍有以下三点区别：( 1 ) as 有正如; 就像之意，而 which 没有;( 2 ) as 引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中或句末，而 which 只能置于句末;( 3 )如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能用 which 引导。

　　【考场思维训练】

　　1、_____ we all know, Taiwan is part of china.

　　A. As B. Which C. What D. That

　　【答案】A。解析：as引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整体。

　　2、The Beatles, ____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool,

　　A. what B. that C. how D. as

　　【答案】D。解析：本题考查as引导的非限制性定于从句。 as指代主句的整个内容，插入主句中。

　　易错点八：忽略that 和which 引导限制性定语从句的区别

　　例 15. This is the most exciting football game which I have ever seen.

　　例 16. Here are the samples that had I thought of it you could have taken with you yesterday.

　　析：例 15 中的 which 应改为 that ;例 16 中的 that 应改为 which .

　　当先行词被最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词时，只能用 what 来引导定语从句，如例 15 ;当关系词后面有插入成分时，只能用 which 来引导定语从句，如例 16 .

　　易错点九：介词前置出差错

　　例 17. The two things with which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.

　　例 18. Tell him all the things to which he should pay attention.

　　析：例 17 中的 with 应改为 about 或 of ;例 18 中应把 to 移到 attention 的后面。

　　在定语从句中前置的介词必须和后面的动词或形容词构成固定搭配，如例 17 ;但并不是所有的固定搭配中的介词都可前置，如例 18 .

　　易错点十：which 和whose 的意义不明确

　　例 19. The book which cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

　　例 20. The book of whose cover is broken is of great help to all of us.

　　析：例 19 中的 which 应改为 whose ;例 20 中的 whose 应改为 which .在定语从句中，关系代词 which 不能在定语从句中作定语，但 whose 可作

　　定语， whose + n 相当于 the + n + of which 或 of which + the + n 。

　　总之，定语从句考查形式千变万化，只有掌握好定语从句的三个基本概念;先行词和定语从句中的四大成分(主语、宾语、表语、状语)，扎扎实实分析好句子成分，才能以不变应万变。