语言语境

Contents

Abstract ....................................................................................................... 1 Key words ................................................................................................... 1 摘要 ............................................................................................................. 2 关键词 ......................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................. 2 Chapter One: The Definition of Translation and the Classification of Cultural Context .......................................................................................... 3

1.1 On Translation .................................................................................................. 3

1.1.1 Definition of Translation......................................................................... 3

1.1.2 Dispute on Translation ............................................................................ 3

1.1.3 Translatability limitation of Translation ................................................. 4

1.1.3.1 Translatability Limitation of Speech Grammar ............................ 4

1.1.3.2Translatability Limitation of Rhetoric Forms ................................ 5

1.1.3.3Translatability Limitation of National Culture .............................. 6

1.2 On Context ........................................................................................................ 6

1.2.1 Definition of Context .............................................................................. 6

1.2.2 Classification of Context......................................................................... 7

1.2.2.1 Co-text........................................................................................... 7

. 1.2.2.2 Situational Context.......................................................

7

1.2.2.3Cultural Context ............................................................................. 7

Chapter Two Importance of Cultural Context to Translation ............................ 8

2.1Peter Newmark?s Theory ................................................................................... 8

2.2 Typical Example ............................................................................................... 9

2.2.1The translation of names .......................................................................... 9

2.2.2 The translation of toponym ................................................................... 10

Chapter Three Effect of Cultural Context on Translation ................................. 10

3.1 Translation and Culture ................................................................................... 10

3.2 Different Ecologies and Geographies ............................................................. 10

3.3 Different Historical Cultures ........................................................................... 11

3.4 Different Thinking Patterns ............................................................................ 11

3.5 Different Religious Cultures ........................................................................... 11 Chapter Four：Strategies Dealing with Cultural Difference in Translation12

4.1 Two Pairs of Translation Strategies................................................................. 12

4.1.1 Cultural Translation and LinguisticTranslation .................................... 12

4.1.2 Foreignizing Method and Domesticating method................................. 12

4.2 Foreigniziation as Much as Possible ............................................................... 12

4.2.1 To Retain the Cultural Fidelity ............................................................. 12

4.2.2 To Enrich the Lexis ............................................................................... 13 4.2.2.1The meanings of words have different degree ............................. 13

4.2.2.2The meanings of the words have different limits and focuses ..... 13

4.2.2.3 The meanings of the words have differrent colors ...................... 13

4.2.2.4 The meanings of the words have differrent phrases to match ..... 13

4.3 Domestication as Much as Possible ................................................................ 13 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 14 Bibliography: ............................................................................................ 14

Cultural Context Analysis in Translation

Abstract

Language is the carrier of culture;culture is the soil of language;translation is the bridge of intercultural communication.As we all know,language and culture are http://wendang.chazidian.comnguage is a very important part of http://wendang.chazidian.comnguage,as a tool of communication,dissemination,and continuation of culture development,has been recording the history of human's development and reacting the results of the progress of human civilization.Nonetheless language always lives in a certain culture background and cannot exist without culture.Culture is the environment of language activities,so all kinds of cultural factors are bound to be reflected in the language of words.So in a sense, language translation is cultural translation.The essence of translation activities is the conversion of the meaning among languages including two parts of understanding and expression.In the course of translation,the establishment of language meaning must rely on context in the two parts because a single word can make no sense and people cannot understand the correct meaning without context.Formerly,people paid much attention on language itself and nowadays care more about what kind of environment language should use.That is context.And context can be divided into three parts.They are context,situation context and cultural context.Cultural is the most important.And cultural difference in cultural context is an influential obstacle for translation,especially the cultural difference between east and west.Nowadays,the cultural context analysis in theory has been attached importance but not in practice.The purpose of this article is analyzing and demonstrating how is the choice of translation restricted and influenced by cultural context and the strategies dealing with cultural difference in translation.So we can enlighten some reference for translators when they try to master the method of culture context analysis in translation and improve the translation level.

Key words : translation;context;cultural context;translation strategies

1

摘要

语言是文化的载体；文化是语言的土壤；翻译是跨文化交流的桥梁。众所周知，语言和文化密不可分。语言是文化组成极其重要的一部分。它记录着人类发展的历史，反应着社会文明进步的成果，是交流、传播、延续和发展文化的工具。但语言不能脱离文化而存在，总是生长在一定的文化背景之中。文化是语言活动的大环境，各种文化因素都必然体现在语言文字之中。所以，从某种意义上讲，语言的翻译，是文化的翻译。翻译活动的实质是语言之间意义的转换，包括理解和表达两个方面。在翻译的过程中不管是理解阶段还是表达阶段，语言意义的确立都是必须依靠语境的，孤零零的一个词往往是没有意义可言的。没有上下文的一句话，人们也往往难以确定其意义。以前，人们多注意语言本身的问题，而现在，人们越来越多的关注语言是在什么下的环境下使用的，即语境问题。语境可以分为长下文语境、情景语境和文化环境，而文化环境是所有语境中最重要的。文化语境中的文化差异是影响翻译的一大障碍，尤其是东西方文化间的差异。目前，文化语境分析在翻译理论界已受到相当的重视。但是，在翻译实践中却不是这样。本文的目的在于分析论证译文的选择如何受文化语境因素的制约和影响，以及对其所应采取的翻译策略，以为翻译工作者更好地掌握文化语境的分析法、提供译文质量提供一定的借鉴。

关键词 ：翻译；语境；文化语境；翻译策略；

Introduction

There exists a kind of mutual interaction between language and culture . Culture in its evolution sheds traces in language while language reflects special characteristics of culture .Translation is becoming more and more important as a bridge of intercultural communication along with the cross-cultural communication becoming increasing wide . American famous Sinologist , professor John Deeney pointed out:“ Each

language gain life and nutrition from culture , so we cannot only pay attention to the transformation between languages but try to express the custom of different cultures about their way to think and emotional expression .” As Mr. Wang Zuoliang says :” a 2