an introduction to game theory and the law
上传者:钱永刚|上传时间:2015-04-15|密次下载
an introduction to game theory and the law
T C L S
The Coase Lecture series, established in honor of Ronald H.Coase, Clifton R. Musser Professor Emeritus of Economics atthe University of Chicago Law School, is intended to providelaw students and others with an introduction to importanttechniques and results in law and economics. The lectures pre-suppose no background in the subject.
An Introduction to Game Theory and the Law
Randal C. Picker *‥
I am pleased to have the opportunity to give the third of thethree lectures in the Law School’s inaugural Coase Lecture Series. Ihave to confess I am still at a stage in life when I think about howthings will look on my resume, and to put down the Coase Lecture,I suspect, adds real luster to it. Nonetheless, we might want to callthese lectures something else. My suggestion is “The Bar StoolLecture Series.” That wouldn’t sound as distinguished and hencewouldn’t do much for my resume, but it more accurately captureswhat the mission of the talk is. Here is the test for this talk: Giventwo bar stools and a stack of cocktail napkins, could the ideas in thistalk be explained to an intelligent person in a crowded bar with abank of TVs showing the Bulls and the Blackhawks? If this talksucceeds at that level, I will have accomplished my mission; if it doesnot, then I will have to consult with the Dean to get a larger budgetfor eld research for my next big talk.
The bar stool test is a test of simplicity, of making an idea acces-sible to someone who is not a specialist in an area. It is a test that allof Ronald Coase’s work that I know passes quite easily. It is the re-markable combination of simplicity and depth, which I guess traveltogether if you are smart enough, that defines Coase’s work. Thematerial that I will discuss today is, I think, fairly simple, thoughsome of it is relatively new. And to give credit where credit is due,some of the work I will describe today is part of a joint effort withDoug Baird and Rob Gertner.
This will be an eight-cocktail-napkin talk: I want to talk abouttwo basic forms for games, the normal form and the extensive form;four ways of predicting the outcomes of games, through dominancearguments, Nash arguments, backwards induction, and forward in-duction; and two interesting ideas about game theory and the law.*Randal C. Picker is Professor of Law, University of Chicago LawSchool. I have benefited from extensive discussions with Douglas G. Bairdand Robert H. Gertner. I thank the Sarah Scaife Foundation and the Lyndeand Harry Bradley Foundation for their generous research support.‥
C W P L E . Game Theory and Strategic Behavior
As a discipline, law and economics advanced on the strong backof classical microeconomics. Individual decisionmakers maximizedutility or profits subject to constraints. These individuals were treatedeither as pricetakers in competitive settings or pricesetters in mo-nopolies. They were also perfectly informed. A sizable and largelysuccessful academic legal literature grew out of taking first derivativesand ruthlessly applying the discipline of the microeconomist’smarginal analysis to a vast array of legal problems.
The last twenty years have seen a major shift in the fundamentalmethodological tools used by microeconomic theorists. Game theoryhas emerged to augment the standard, polar approaches of purecompetition and monopoly. In a competitive setting, individuals orfirms are seen as having no real decisions to make. Prices are given,and individuals and firms are pricetakers. The other productionparadigm, monopoly, treats the monopolist as a pricesetter for agiven demand curve. In a game-theoretic setting, rational actorsneed worry about the actions of others—this is the fundamentalstrategic interdependence that game theory addresses. Other settingslack the back-and-forth quality that characterizes strategic settings.Game theory sounds like fun—visions of the gamut fromCandyland to Monopoly spring to mind. A definition might beuseful; as a rough cut, try: game theory is a set of tools and a languagefor describing and predicting strategic behavior. I will discuss in a bitwhat these tools are and how to apply them, but I want to focusfirst on the core concept in the definition, strategic behavior.Strategic settings are situations in which one person would like totake into account how a second person will behave in making a de-cision, and the second person would like to do likewise. Strategicsettings typically involve two or more decisionmakers, and the pos-sibility of linking one decision to a second decision, and vice versa. A sample of well-known textbooks and research monographs makes thepoint. Look at Mitch Polinsky’s Introduction to Law and Economics, which isnow in its second edition; Cooter and Ulen’s Law and Economics textbook,which came out in ; and two torts monographs, Landes and Posner’s TheEconomic Structure of Tort Law and Steven Shavell’s Economic Analysis of AccidentLaw, both of which were published in .
A I G T L Consider the airlines industry. Whether Northwest will cut faresmay depend on how American and United will respond, and thesame, of course, is true for them. Indeed, Northwest recently filedsuit against American, claiming that American’s introduction of anew pricing schedule was part of a scheme of predatory pricing de-signed to put Northwest out of business. Oligopolisticindustries—airlines, computer microprocessors or operating systems,for example—are natural settings for strategic interactions.
But so is a country road. I have risen for an early-morning walk.I would like to enjoy the view, take in the scenery, and generally ig-nore the cars going by me. You unfortunately are driving your newMazda Miata. You want to see how the car handles, to test how itdrives through turns and its acceleration. If I knew that you weredriving like a maniac, I would want to take that into account in de-ciding whether to pay much attention to the road. If you knew thatI was soaking in the countryside and ignoring the road, you wouldwant to take that into account as well. Our behavioral decisions areintertwined, and we need to take that fact into account when weseek to predict likely outcomes. The legal system should take thisinto account as well when it establishes antitrust laws for oligopolis-tic industries or a torts scheme for ordinary accidents.
. Normal Form Games, Dominant Strategies, and the Hidden Role ofLaw
. The Prisoner’s Dilemma
The best known bit of game theory is the Prisoner’s Dilemma. Iwill go through the analysis to make clear how much game theoryhas already crossed over and to establish some terminology, and willthen move on to more natural settings. So consider the following“game”: See Bridget O’Brian, “Predatory Pricing Issue is Due to be Taken Up inAmerican Air’s Trial,” Wall Street Journal, July , , .
下载文档
热门试卷
- 2016年四川省内江市中考化学试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
- 浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高一上学期期中考试政治试卷
- 浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高二上学期期中考试政治试卷
- 辽宁省铁岭市协作体2017届高三上学期第三次联考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
- 山东省滨州市三校2017届第一学期阶段测试初三英语试题
- 四川省成都七中2017届高三一诊模拟考试文科综合试卷
- 2017届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题(附答案)
- 重庆市永川中学高2017级上期12月月考语文试题
- 江西宜春三中2017届高三第一学期第二次月考文科综合试题
- 内蒙古赤峰二中2017届高三上学期第三次月考英语试题
- 2017年六年级(上)数学期末考试卷
- 2017人教版小学英语三年级上期末笔试题
- 江苏省常州西藏民族中学2016-2017学年九年级思想品德第一学期第二次阶段测试试卷
- 重庆市九龙坡区七校2016-2017学年上期八年级素质测查(二)语文学科试题卷
- 江苏省无锡市钱桥中学2016年12月八年级语文阶段性测试卷
- 江苏省无锡市钱桥中学2016-2017学年七年级英语12月阶段检测试卷
- 山东省邹城市第八中学2016-2017学年八年级12月物理第4章试题(无答案)
- 【人教版】河北省2015-2016学年度九年级上期末语文试题卷(附答案)
- 四川省简阳市阳安中学2016年12月高二月考英语试卷
- 四川省成都龙泉中学高三上学期2016年12月月考试题文科综合能力测试
- 安徽省滁州中学2016—2017学年度第一学期12月月考高三英语试卷
- 山东省武城县第二中学2016.12高一年级上学期第二次月考历史试题(必修一第四、五单元)
- 福建省四地六校联考2016-2017学年上学期第三次月考高三化学试卷
- 甘肃省武威第二十三中学2016—2017学年度八年级第一学期12月月考生物试卷
网友关注
- 春季客运安全管理人员培训Word
- 美国研究项目华裔美国文化形象
- 2018法硕(非法学)法制史系统归纳表
- 转正申请Word
- 短路电流计算Word
- 中级口语1 12课Word
- 绩效评价方法国内外研究综述
- 第七章犯罪主体Word
- 英文
- 立刻说:跳水皇后郭晶晶英语惊人,别再为学不会找理由
- 业主满意度调查表
- 立刻说:听懂新闻英语的方法(二)
- 金岩石——投资人的经济学:企业理论;金融专业视角Word
- 第三章 小学生心理健康教育课程设计Word
- 文艺心理学Word
- 《镶嵌》—纪晓霞说课Word
- 色彩构成1Word
- 同事老李
- 合作比竞争更重要
- 品保QC安全培训Word
- 车间班组长课程培训Word
- 交通运输与规划Word
- 燃烧原理与设备2Word
- The Translation of Proper NamesWord
- 滋养细胞疾病妇女的护理Word课件
- 第1讲 适应心理与心理咨询Word
- 《旅游英语》01At the Travel AgencyWord
- 2014英语(全国大纲卷) 精校打印版 Word版含答案
- 【图文并茂,值得收藏】简明薪酬设计Word
- 中国好声音明星学员黄恺介绍Word
网友关注视频
- 精品·同步课程 历史 八年级 上册 第15集 近代科学技术与思想文化
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册1
- 六年级英语下册上海牛津版教材讲解 U1单词
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册第二单元《租船问题》
- 【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《泊秦淮》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,广东省
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册第二单元《余数和除数的关系》
- 3.2 数学二年级下册第二单元 表内除法(一)整理和复习 李菲菲
- 沪教版牛津小学英语(深圳用) 四年级下册 Unit 7
- 苏教版二年级下册数学《认识东、南、西、北》
- 化学九年级下册全册同步 人教版 第25集 生活中常见的盐(二)
- 第19课 我喜欢的鸟_第一课时(二等奖)(人美杨永善版二年级下册)_T644386
- 二次函数求实际问题中的最值_第一课时(特等奖)(冀教版九年级下册)_T144339
- 沪教版八年级下册数学练习册一次函数复习题B组(P11)
- 北师大版八年级物理下册 第六章 常见的光学仪器(二)探究凸透镜成像的规律
- 七年级英语下册 上海牛津版 Unit3
- 【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《泊秦淮》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,天津市
- 河南省名校课堂七年级下册英语第一课(2020年2月10日)
- 飞翔英语—冀教版(三起)英语三年级下册Lesson 2 Cats and Dogs
- 苏科版数学 八年级下册 第八章第二节 可能性的大小
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册第二单元《有余数除法的整理与复习》
- 【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《老山界》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,安徽省
- 《空中课堂》二年级下册 数学第一单元第1课时
- 苏科版八年级数学下册7.2《统计图的选用》
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册第二周第2课时《我们的测量》宝丰街小学庞志荣
- 冀教版英语三年级下册第二课
- 8.对剪花样_第一课时(二等奖)(冀美版二年级上册)_T515402
- 苏科版数学七年级下册7.2《探索平行线的性质》
- 冀教版小学英语五年级下册lesson2教学视频(2)
- 每天日常投篮练习第一天森哥打卡上脚 Nike PG 2 如何调整运球跳投手感?
- 第8课 对称剪纸_第一课时(二等奖)(沪书画版二年级上册)_T3784187
精品推荐
- 2016-2017学年高一语文人教版必修一+模块学业水平检测试题(含答案)
- 广西钦州市高新区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
- 浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高一上学期期中考试政治试卷
- 浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高二上学期期中考试政治试卷
- 辽宁省铁岭市协作体2017届高三上学期第三次联考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
分类导航
- 互联网
- 电脑基础知识
- 计算机软件及应用
- 计算机硬件及网络
- 计算机应用/办公自动化
- .NET
- 数据结构与算法
- Java
- SEO
- C/C++资料
- linux/Unix相关
- 手机开发
- UML理论/建模
- 并行计算/云计算
- 嵌入式开发
- windows相关
- 软件工程
- 管理信息系统
- 开发文档
- 图形图像
- 网络与通信
- 网络信息安全
- 电子支付
- Labview
- matlab
- 网络资源
- Python
- Delphi/Perl
- 评测
- Flash/Flex
- CSS/Script
- 计算机原理
- PHP资料
- 数据挖掘与模式识别
- Web服务
- 数据库
- Visual Basic
- 电子商务
- 服务器
- 搜索引擎优化
- 存储
- 架构
- 行业软件
- 人工智能
- 计算机辅助设计
- 多媒体
- 软件测试
- 计算机硬件与维护
- 网站策划/UE
- 网页设计/UI
- 网吧管理