外文翻译

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A fixture is a work-holding or support device used in the manufacturing industry. Fixtures are used to securely locate (position in a specific location or orientation) and support the work, ensuring that all parts produced using the fixture will maintain conformity and interchangeability. Using a fixture improves the economy of production by allowing smooth operation and quick transition from part to part, reducing the requirement for skilled labor by simplifying how workpieces are mounted, and increasing conformity across a production run.

A fixture differs from a jig in that when a fixture is used, the tool must move relative to the workpiece; a jig moves the piece while the tool remains stationary.

A fixture's primary purpose is to create a secure mounting point for a workpiece, allowing for support during operation and increased accuracy, precision, reliability, and

interchangeability in the finished parts. It also serves to reduce working time by allowing quick set-up, and by smoothing the transition from part to part. It frequently reduces the complexity of a process, allowing for unskilled workers to perform it and effectively

transferring the skill of thetool maker to the unskilled worker. 它也允许快速设置减少工作时间，并通过平滑的过渡部分。它经常降低 过程的复杂性，使不熟练的工人来完成它并有效转移工具制造商 技能的非熟练工人。Fixtures also allow for a higher degree of operator safety by reducing the concentration and effort required to hold a piece steady.装置也允许更高程度的操作安全通过降低浓度和需要努力保持一片稳定。

Economically speaking the most valuable function of a fixture is to reduce labor costs. 从经济上讲一个夹具的最有价值的功能是降低劳动成本。Without a fixture, operating a

machine or process may require two or more operators; using a fixture can eliminate one

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of the operators by securing the workpiece.没有一个夹具，操作机器或过程可能需要两个或更多的运营商；使用夹具可以消除一个通过固定工件的操作。

Fixtures must always be designed with economics in mind; the purpose of these devices is to reduce costs, and so they must be designed in such a way that the cost reduction outweighs the cost of implementing the fixture. It is usually better, from an economic standpoint, for a fixture to result in a small cost reduction for a process in constant use, than for a large cost reduction for a process used only occasionally.设备必须设计有经济头脑；这些设备的目的是为了降低成本，所以他们必须以这样一种方式，成本降低实施成本大于夹具设计。它通常是更好的，从经济的角度来看，一个夹具导致在不断的使用过程中的一个小的成本降低，比一个进程只能偶尔使用一个大的成本降低。

A common bench vise; the left jaw is the immovable surface, and the right jaw is the movable clamp Most fixtures have a solid component, affixed to the floor or to the body of the machine and considered immovable relative to the motion of the machining bit, and one or more movable components known as clamps. 大多数装置有一个坚实的成分，贴在地板上或身体的机器，考虑到加工点的运动相对不动的，和一个或多个可动部件称为 夹。These clamps (which may be operated by many different mechanical means) allow workpieces to be easily placed in the machine or removed, and yet stay secure during operation. 这些夹子（这可能是由许多不同的机械装置操作）允许工件被放置在机器或删除，但在操作过程中保持安全。Many are also adjustable, allowing for workpieces of different sizes to be used for different operations. 也有许多可调，允许不同尺寸的工件可用于不同的操作。Fixtures must be designed such that the pressure or motion of the machining operation (usually known as the feed) is directed primarily against the solid component of the fixture.夹具的设计必

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须确保加工操作的压力或运动（通常称为 饲料）主要针对夹具的固体成分。 This reduces the likelihood that the fixture will fail, interrupting the operation and potentially causing damage to infrastructure, components, or operators.

Fixtures may also be designed for very general or simple uses. 这减少了该夹具将失败的可能性，中断操作和可能造成损害的基础设施，组件，或运营商。

装置也可以设计的很一般的或简单的使用。

These multi-use fixtures tend to be very simple themselves, often relying on the precision and ingenuity of the operator, as well as surfaces and components already present in the workshop, to provide the same benefits of a specially-designed fixture. 这些多用途的设备往往是非常简单的，往往依赖于操作者的精度和创造力，以及表面和已经出现在车间的组件，提供一个专门设计的夹具相同的好处。Examples include workshop vises,

adjustable clamps, and improvised devices such as weights and furniture.例如车间的虎钳和可调夹具简易设备。

Each component of a fixture is designed for one of two purposes: location or support.一个夹具的每个组件被设计为一两个目的：两 支持或位置。

Locating components ensure the geometrical stability of the workpiece.定位元件确保 工件的几何稳定性。 They make sure that the workpiece rests in the correct position and orientation for the operation by addressing and impeding all the degrees of freedom the workpiece possesses.确保工件放在正确的位置和方向，通过解决和阻止所有自由度工件 操作具有。

For locating workpieces, fixtures employ pins (or buttons), clamps, and surfaces. These components ensure that the workpiece is positioned correctly, and remains in the same position throughout the operation. Surfaces provide support for the piece, pins allow for precise location at low surface area expense, and clamps allow for the workpiece to be

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removed or its position adjusted. Locating pieces tend to be designed and built to very tight specifications.

In designing the locating parts of a fixture, only the direction of forces applied by the

operation are considered, and not their magnitude. Locating parts technically support the workpiece, but do not take into account the strength of forces applied by the process and so are usually inadequate to actually secure the workpiece during operation. For this purpose, support components are used.

To secure workpieces and prevent motion during operation, support components primarily use two techniques: positive stops and friction. A positive stop is any immovable

component (such as a solid surface or pin) that, by its placement, physically impedes the motion of the workpiece. Support components are more likely to be adjustable than locating components, and normally do not press tightly on the workpiece or provide absolute location.

Support components usually bear the brunt of the forces delivered during the operation. To reduce the chances of failure, support components are usually not also designed as clamps.

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一个是工作夹具 控制或用于制造产业支撑装置 。夹具是用于安全地定位（在一个特定的位置或方向的位置）和支持工作，确保使用的夹具生产的所有零件将保持一致性和互换性。使用夹具，提高了生产的经济平稳运行，通过允许从部分到部分的快速转换。如何通过简化工件，减少对熟练劳动力的需求不断增加，整合在一个生产运行。

夹具的使用，该工具必须相对工件移动的移动件；夹具与工具工作时保持静止。夹具的主要目的是创建一个安全的安装点的工件，允许支持在操作和提高精度，精度，可靠性，和成品零件的互换性。