教育资源为主的文档平台

当前位置: 查字典文档网> 所有文档分类> 工程科技> 材料科学> 智能喷雾机器人的喷雾性能试验评价

智能喷雾机器人的喷雾性能试验评价

上传者:牛志平
|
上传时间:2015-04-24
|
次下载

智能喷雾机器人的喷雾性能试验评价

第28卷增刊2农业工程学报v01.28SIlpp.21142012年10月1'瑚s∞ti∞softhechi鹏∞societyofA鲥∞It啪lEngineeringOct.2012

Assessmentonsprayingeffect0f

inteUigentsprayingrobotbyexperiment

GengChang×ing,ZhangI(ai,ZhangErpeng,Zhang】unXiOng,LiW色i

∞olkge醇Eng协eenng’ChiMAgrictltttlratUn{versi魄Beij{鸭、Q响褐.Cht嘲

Abs仃act:T0con舡.oI

infIo皿训on蠢boutpl锄tsdisea∞witlIlesspesticide,asprayinge丘bctoftlleilltellig∞tspmyingrobotfi)rgreenho哪髓

w弱assessed.Thedise鹳eIocationandstalew够obtainedbymachiIIe“si∞s∞so体.Vrariablenozzleswere越V钿byat11l优deg佗esof眠domcancsi锄c00rdiIlalem锄ipulatIDr’柚dpesticideswe糯spmyedaccord缸茁tota唱etpositi∞觚dlesionar∞.Boomlocationerrordisea辩levels.Comp删w触仃aditi∞aIandpesticidesaving枷owerequantitative肌alyzedinthe孕毵llhol珥eexperiment.Therobotw鹊testedontllreeSp髓yingmetIlods,thissystemsavedov盯60%oftlIeh盯bicides.Therobotc觚directlyapplypesticideto伽c哪berindivid∞llesiona坤a锄diInprovepesticidese伍ciency’reduceproductioncoSts柚dprotectfheenvironm蛐t.

Keywords:mbots,spraying,pcsticides,maclli∞vision

doi:lO.396蛳.issn.1002—6819.2012.z2.020

CLCnumber:s49D佻ume毗code:AAnicleⅢ:l002—6819(2012)一Supp.2—0114一04

GengChall醪ing'zhangI(ai,zhangEfpeng,eta1.As∞ssment∞sprayinge疏ctofiIltellig朗tsp叫ngrobotbyexperiment阴.Tl瑚lsactionsoftheClIi∞辩societyofA舒cllltll】ralEngineering(Tf托sactionsoftheCSAE),2012,28(Supp.2):114—1l7.(iIlEnglishw油Chineseabs魄Ict)

耿长兴,张凯,张二鹏,等.智能喷雾机器人的喷雾性能试验评价[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(增刊2):114—117.0Introduc60nT垤aterialsandmethOds

Precisionsprayisaselec6vespmyingmethodiIl1.1TeStde、riCe

whichplantsanddiseasehd'onmtionareobtainedbyAprecisionSpmyiIlgrobotinte孕atcdwitIlsenso娼tocon仃olnozzles,anditisaresearchhotspotcomputerViSiontecIlIlolog)r,imagei11fbmlatiorrintlleintelligenta鲥culnlmlequipment.Manytecllnolo时andcon饷ltechIlology,、张sachievedtllerese甜℃hershavefitted如吼chiIlevisionsystems,0ntargetsprayiIlgin孕eenhouse.Therobotconsistsofaprecisionspra_yellsf.0rwecdin一”川.Af.ewrcal.timedia印osissysteIIl’amech狮icalsyStemanda∞n仃0lfieldsyStemshavebe%developed卜州.Otllerm砒0dssystem.Themech龃icalsystcmincludedamobilehaveusedforspmycr【10。111.AsyStemthatcouldmal【eplatf0咖,am觚ipulator锄dsevemlnozzles.TherobotuseofthespatiallesiondistributioninfonnationinSystemisshowninfig.1.T}lediseaseinfo加Aationw勰realtimeandapply0nlythenecessaryamountsofacquiredbyar%l-timecomputerVisionsystcm,pesticidetomedisea∞areawouldbemuchmorewhichconnlolstlleInobilepIatfbnnofs1【artingandeffici锄t锄d111inirIlizeenviI伽mentaIimp∞t.AsmanstoppiIlg,tllem枷pulatorofactions锄dno盟lesofsprayerwithreal-timesens0璐觚dcontrolalgoritllrIlssprayiIlgviaⅡleinfomlationcommunicationpon.toestimatediseasedensityandsizeiIlthe田『eelllIouse,

realizesite-specificspmying,锄de毹ctivelyreduce

chemicalapplication籼ⅢItsforcuc啪berSI¨J.Its

perf.0nIlanceevaluationme也odw弱proposedmt11is

study.Boompositioningpesticidesaving

ratioweredet∞tediIlthe毋鼬ousee肿r锄dconditions.

Re∞ivedda舱:2012.05—10Revisedd鲥蟹}2012.09-15

Fo帅dali∞it锄:sIIpI’ort甜bymeN砒i蚰alH岫Tbchnology黜s髓rch舳d

Dcvel叩Ⅱ髓t陬移咖ofChin丑(SS2012从041507),Chin丑P∞tdodoral

sci∞∞F加ndation(20lIM500450).

Biography:GengCh姐弘ing(1983一),Ph.D.R∞%rchar龃:machinevisi∞1.MobiIepl酬}研m2.R丑il3.B∞m4.Die丑s嚣diagDosissysteln姐da面cIlInIlfalrol斌tech∞l嘟B卿ingConegeofEngin觏_ing'ctIina5.C雌ulll_b盯pl柚ts

A面“ltlllralUniVc疆i吼lo0083.Email:gcxk@163.comF谚1鼬n】ctIl】他diagramofrobotexpcriⅡl锄t

万方数据

增刊2

1.2

耿长兴等:智能喷雾机器人的喷雾性能试验评价

115

Worl【ingprinciple

Theprecisionsprayingrobotwascomprisedofa

and

itS4DOF.Asshowninflg,l,6rstlv,themobile

platfornl

stans

movementinXdirection.Secondly。

computerPLC,

whicha∞C/S

sVstemdisease

thecmdlestartstomovetothesettingposition,whichtriggersdiseasediagnosissystemtocaptllrediseasesinformationDfplantsaT】dleavesincucumber.Thirdly,inordertoobtainsubdomainstateofandtransfersit

to

an

architectureinFig.2.Thecomputer

processes

diagnosisin氨)】-rnation,andtheresuI俸are

toPLC.The

tran哪rted

the

PLCdealswiththecomDuterandthe

infbnnation.

and

controls

illnesschart

other

sensors’

PLC.themachinevisionsvstem

mechanicalsvstemofmovingandnozzIesofopeningandshutting.

Therobothas

ttlreecontr01

mDdeS:

distinguishescucumbefpIantsanddiseaseinfonnation。Fourthly,thePLCcontrolssDraylancesrotateinXdirectioninverticalconditionandmovestotheguiderailinto

one

Automaticmode,panelcon缸Dlmodeandwirelesscontrolmode.Intheautomaticmode,mespraVrobotworksautom8ticailyacco『ding

t0

edge.Finhly,thespray1ancesmovesin

thesettings.Panel

contr01modeallowstheoperatortomanipulatetherobotmo(1e

guiderail,andthePLCcon仃olsthenoz芝Tesspralyingseparately,mordertoreallzepreclslonspraymg.Finally,whenspraylancesgot0theguide“ne’send,a【I

ofthe

nozzlesclose

andspray

lances

rgtate

mrou曲the

suits

t.or

operating

panel.Wireless

real—time

control

The

distantconnQl’

automaticmodeisthemostprominentworkingmodefortheprecisionsprayingmbot.Therobotmust

use

reverselvintohorizontalityandmecradlerestoration.Thisisallofthecvcle【”J.

Fig.2

B10ck

diagr狮ofa黟ochemicalapplication

robotcontroIsystem

2.1

Experimentaldesignandmethods

ExperimentaI

regionofspraying.ThelocationratioofsolutionsavingTestequipments

are

error

ofspmyandthe

theevaluationindexes.

enviroum蛐t

in

includeJS一9electronicstopwatch

industrial

Co.,

Thespmytestfortheagrochemicalapplicationrobot

has

been

done

greenhouse

of

that

at

(ShenzheniuIIsidaLTD),

JJ1000

electronicbalancefG&GGmbH)andtapemeasure

ShangzhuangAgriculmral

Experiment

Foundation

China

UniversityL”j,The

are

typeofthenozzieis

(NingboPan—Yitape%Vironmentisshownin

2.2

measurefig.1.

Co.,

LTD,).

Test

hollowconicaltangentialdirectionliquidintake.Thepammetersofnozzlesdiameterof1.3L/minwith

sprayangleof900,orificesratesprayvoIume

MethOds

Thespray

area

n蜘and

of1.12

isproportionaltothesquareofthe

spraydistarIceL1uJ。TotestforthemaximumIocation

erfor

pressure

of0.8MPa.API【M.370A如11y

automaticself-suction

p岫p

manufa咖d(Shanghai

anun

area

of

theagrochemicalapplicationrobot,select

somepointsrQtation

Rf(卢l,2,…,刀门≥3)onⅡleguide

centerpoint

andthe

people’senterpriseCo.,LTD】withused"Thesprayboomis1000

tankof15Lwaswithsixnozzles

oflinear

is

jointQofthespraybarofthe

robot.Contr01therobotatthedistancenot1essthan2000mmfromtheselectedpointalongthepositionof

is

reVersex

uniformlvdistributed.TheeffectivetraveI

point只f

toreachthis

guidedrailis1200mm.Imageacquisition

direction,Supposingthestop

the

l200mm×l000mm,consis£entwithchecover碰孓

P名i(f=l,2,…,拜阼≥3),measuIIe

万方数据

116农业工程学报

2012年

relatiVedisplacementerror

betweenP二fand只f

along

the

direction.Cucumber

plants

with

downy

mildew

was

investigated.Thediseaseseveritywasdetenninedbyimageprocessing【14J.Anozzlespray

area

namedA。In

ordertoachieVere-sprayingandleakspmying,theoVerlap

area

of

adjacent

nozzles

sprayisC,aIld

C兰0.25A.Inthisexperiment,pesticideres01utionisreplacedbywateratmomtemperature.Thesavingratioforpesticideisthat

ratioofta昭etspraying

water

consumption

tocommon

spraying

water

consumption.Thespfaydistanceis1oomm,andthesprayrangeis1000mJl】×l000mm,whichisintheimageacquisition

area.

Theintelligentsprayrobot

worl(sintheautomode,thesprayann

movesalong

the1inearguidef.romthebeginningtotheend,andtheentirerobotwillmoVefonⅣardu11lessitdetectsa

stop

sensor,andprecisionsprayingbegins。

3Results

and舳alysis

In

this

experiment,memoVing

speedofme

intelligentsprayingrobotwas0.3IIl/s.Fourlocation㈣r.

ra】adomlocationpointswereselectedtotesttheTheresults

are

shownintable1.

Tablel

Resultsoflocation

error

!!!塞塞!坐!

!竺

!::竺竺竺:

=勰

_27

1.5

3.1

4.7

4.7

error/Inm

N0te:Pxl,Px2,Px3,Px4are

thelocationpoint

The

test

resultsshowedt】1atthemaximumpositioning

error

ofthesprayerwas1essthan5mm,

w场chsa:cisfiedthe

spray

distanceprecisionrequirements。

Thepesticidesavingratioistheratiobe似een

the

weightsofthewaterbeensavedin

one

sprayandthe

weightofthewaterusedunderthehighestdiseaselevel,FoⅡnula(1)shows咝×

therelation.

R=

100%(1)

Where咫is

thepesticidesaving

ratio,%;Q1w

is

theweightofthewaterused

in

one

sprayunder

certaindisease

leVel,g;Qistheweightofthewater

usedunderthehighestdiseaselevel,g.

Thehighestdiseaselevel

spray

waterweight

meansthewaterusedwhenaUthenozzles

areoDen

a11dthespraypipemoVesf-romthebegillIlingofmelinearguidetotheend.Three

觚ws

plantswere

tested.andthediseaseseveritvofcucumberswasassessedbyfivevisualmters,andtakingⅡleaveragevalue

as

diseaseindex.Theexperimentwasrepeated

forfivetimes,andtheavemgewastakenasⅡle

highestdiseaselevelspraywaterweight.Theresults

ofthediseaseseveritvare

showninTab.2.andthe

万方数据

resultsofthepesticidesa们ngratioexperimentare

showninTab.3.

Table2

Resunsofdisease

seVerny

!兰!!!!墨竺些!竺!!兰!!竖!竺坐垫1211塑塑壁竺

Pise篇Leve慨

weigll!。jused。婆尝等:嚣三。restici坐:av证g;撇“怒篡篇麓“

rat蜘脱。

31.8122.62422.8373.3739.4

137.68

422.83

69.80

TheexDerimentalresultsshowtllatthereis

negativecon.elation

be觚een

thepesticidesavingmtio

andthedisease1evel.Theooen

timeofthenozzles

wasincreasedwiththeincreaseofthediseaseseverit、,。whilethepesticidesavingratioweredecreased.Thelocation

error

isconfinedwithin5mm,making

good

matchwiththeimagingregionandthespray

area,

tbIus

ensuring

the

spray

precision.

Thepesticide-

savingratiosexceed60%atthethreedisease1evels.

With

lowdiseaselevel,thepesticidesavingratio

exceeds80%.

1、/u儿~■Uo■u儿a

conclusions

1)7Ihe

intelligentsprayingrobotforgreenhousewithfour

degrees

off.reedomaIld

threeworking

models.wassuitablef-ornurserv

beds

and

胁me

plantingVineplants.Precisionsprayingwasachi“ed

in

one

timeforseVeralplantingmodes.Theposition

error

ofthespmypipe、Ⅳas

4.2mm.2)

Theintelligentsprayer

can

significannyimprovethepesticidesavingratioabove

60%.

Spraying

in

theearly

s切ge

ofthe

diseases,the

pesticidesavingratio

can

reachat80%.

fReferencesl

ZhangN,ChaisattapagonC.Effectivecriteriaforweedidentification

in

wheat

fields

using

machine

vision.

TransactionsoftheASAE,1995,38(3):965—975.Tian

L,ReidJF,HummelJW.Developmemof

precisionsprayerforsite-specificweedmanagement[J】.

TransactionsofASAE,1999,42(4):893—900.

Ti趾L.DevelopmeIltofa

sensor.b舔ed觥isionherbicide

application

system[J].ComputersaIld

Elecn.0nics

in

A刚cult叫e,2002(36):133—149.

GilesDK,SlaughterDC.Precisionballdsprayingwith

machine-vision911idaIlce

and删ustable

yaw

nozzles[J】.

T啪sactionsofASAE。1997,40f1):29—36.

增刊2嘲

耿长兴等:智能喷雾机器人的喷雾性能试验评价

a1.Injection

nⅥ

Engineering(Tmnsactions

131—135.

HuKaiqun,zhou

ofthe

117

GillisKP,GilesDK,SlaughterDC,etCSAE),20l1,27(4):

a1.Spraying

mixingsystemforboomlesstarget—actiVatedherbicide

spmying[J】.T啪sactions

1008.

of

ASAE,2003,64(4):997—zhou,Qi圳un,et

Societyfor

perfb珊a11ce

robot[C]//2009

ASABE

oftlle

direct嫡ectionv撕able-mtesprayer阴.

嘲HongYJeon,LeiTian,LorenBode,eta1.PlantspecincdirectchemicaIapplicationfield

Transactionsofthechinese

A鲥cult嗽l

Machine巧,2010,41(6):70—74,102.n刁

ZhangJunxiong,CaoZhengyong,GengChangxing,eta1.Research

on

A彻ualIntemationalMeeting,Reno,2009.吲

pressurecon仃olinTransactionsofthe

G唧anJL,R0“guezF,HemosillaJS,eta1.Robust

mobilerobotfofspraying

precisionta唱etspraymbotinofthe

Chinese

greenhouse[J】

tasks【J】.

阻纠

TraIlsactions

SocietyforAgricultural

ASABE.2008,5l(2):715—727.

Engineering,2009,25(Supp.2):70一73.

CaoZhengyong,ZhangJunxiong,GengChangxing,ela1.ContrDlsystemofta唱etsprayingrobotin

嘲09awaY,KondoN,MontaM,eta1.Sprayingrobotfor

孕apepmduction[J】.Spmger

TfactsinAdvallced

Robotics.2006.24:539—548.

T啪sactions

a1.Gmpe

Engineering

greenhouse【J].

oftheChinese

Socie哆of

of

the

Agricult嗽l

2010,

BerensteinR,Shahar

B,ShapiroA,et(Transactions

CSAE),

clustersa11dfoliagedetectionalgorimmsforautonom叫s

U卅

26(Supp.2):228—233.

GengChangxing,ZhallgJunxiong,CaoZhellgyong,ela1.RecognitionDowny

aIld

FeatLlresBased

on

selective啊ney砌sprayer【J】.Intelligent

2010,3(4):233—243.

ServiceRobotics.

ExtractionColor

ofand

Cucumber

YinDong如,ChenShuren,PeiWenchao,eta1.Desi91lof

Mildew

Texture[J】.

m印-basedindoor

Tmnsactions

of

variableweedChinese

spraying

system[J】.

T啪sactions

ofmeChinese

Socie够forA伊icultural

the

SocietyofA卯cultIlml

Machinery,2011,42(3):170—174.

智能喷雾机器人的喷雾性能试验评价

耿长兴,张凯,张二鹏,张俊雄,李伟

(中国农业大学工学院,北京100083)

摘要:该文对智能喷雾机器人温室对靶喷雾性能进行了试验评价。喷雾机器人采用视觉传感器采集植株和病害图像,提供病灶定位和病情信息。3自由度直角坐标系施药机械臂驱动变量喷嘴进行施药,根据病灶位置和病害程度选择性开闭喷嘴。试验对喷杆定位精度定量和药液节省率进行了试验分析。温室对靶施药机器人在3种病情等级下进行了试验,与传统施药方式相比,药液节省率达到60%以上,实现了对黄瓜等篱笆型植物精准施药。关键词:智能机器人,喷雾,农药,机器视觉

万方数据

内容需要下载文档才能查看 内容需要下载文档才能查看 内容需要下载文档才能查看

智能喷雾机器人的喷雾性能试验评价

作者:

作者单位:

刊名:

英文刊名:

年,卷(期):耿长兴, 张凯, 张二鹏, 张俊雄, 李伟, Geng Changxing, Zhang Kai, Zhang Erpeng,Zhang Junxiong, Li Wei中国农业大学工学院,北京,100083农业工程学报Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering2012,28(z2)

1.Zhang N;Chaisattapagon C Effective criteria for weed identification in wheat fields using machine vision1995(03)

2.Tian L;Reid J F;Hummel J W Development of a precision sprayer for site-specific weed management[外文期刊]1999(04)

3.Tian L Development of a sensor-based precision herbicide application system[外文期刊] 2002(36)

4.Giles D K;Slaughter D C Precision band spraying with machine-vision guidance and adjustable yaw nozzles1997(01)

5.Gillis K P;Giles D K;Slaughter D C Injection mixing system for boomless target-activated herbicidespraying[外文期刊] 2003(04)

6.Hong Y Jeon;Lei Tian;Loren Bode Plant specific direct chemical application field robot 2009

7.Guzmán J L;Rodríguez F;Hermosilla J S Robust pressure control in a mobile robot for spraying tasks2008(02)

8.Ogawa Y;Kondo N;Monta M Spraying robot for grape production 2006

9.Berenstein R;Shahar O B;Shapiro A Grape clusters and foliage detection algorithms for autonomousselective vineyard sprayer 2010(04)

10.Yin Dongfu;Chen Shuren;Pei Wenchao Design of map-based indoor variable weed spraying system[期刊论文]-Transactions of the ChineseSociety of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE) 2011(04)

11.Hu Kaiqun;Zhou zhou;Qi Lijun Spraying performance of the direct injection variable-rate sprayer[期刊论文]-Transactions of The Chinese Society For Agricultural Machinery 2010(06)

12.Zhang Junxiong;Cao Zhengyong;Geng Changxing Research on precision target spray robot in greenhouse2009(Supp2)

13.Cao Zhengyong;Zhang Junxiong;Geng Changxing Control system of target spraying robot in greenhouse2010(Supp2)

14.Geng Changxing;Zhang Junxiong;Cao Zhengyong Recognition and Features Extraction of Cucumber Downy MildewBased on Color and Texture[期刊论文]-Transactions of The Chinese Society For Agricultural Machinery2011(03)

引用本文格式:耿长兴.张凯.张二鹏.张俊雄.李伟.Geng Changxing.Zhang Kai.Zhang Erpeng.Zhang Junxiong.Li Wei 智能喷雾机器人的喷雾性能试验评价[期刊论文]-农业工程学报 2012(z2)

版权声明:此文档由查字典文档网用户提供,如用于商业用途请与作者联系,查字典文档网保持最终解释权!

下载文档

热门试卷

2016年四川省内江市中考化学试卷
广西钦州市高新区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高一上学期期中考试政治试卷
浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高二上学期期中考试政治试卷
辽宁省铁岭市协作体2017届高三上学期第三次联考政治试卷
广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
广西钦州市钦州港区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
山东省滨州市三校2017届第一学期阶段测试初三英语试题
四川省成都七中2017届高三一诊模拟考试文科综合试卷
2017届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题(附答案)
重庆市永川中学高2017级上期12月月考语文试题
江西宜春三中2017届高三第一学期第二次月考文科综合试题
内蒙古赤峰二中2017届高三上学期第三次月考英语试题
2017年六年级(上)数学期末考试卷
2017人教版小学英语三年级上期末笔试题
江苏省常州西藏民族中学2016-2017学年九年级思想品德第一学期第二次阶段测试试卷
重庆市九龙坡区七校2016-2017学年上期八年级素质测查(二)语文学科试题卷
江苏省无锡市钱桥中学2016年12月八年级语文阶段性测试卷
江苏省无锡市钱桥中学2016-2017学年七年级英语12月阶段检测试卷
山东省邹城市第八中学2016-2017学年八年级12月物理第4章试题(无答案)
【人教版】河北省2015-2016学年度九年级上期末语文试题卷(附答案)
四川省简阳市阳安中学2016年12月高二月考英语试卷
四川省成都龙泉中学高三上学期2016年12月月考试题文科综合能力测试
安徽省滁州中学2016—2017学年度第一学期12月月考​高三英语试卷
山东省武城县第二中学2016.12高一年级上学期第二次月考历史试题(必修一第四、五单元)
福建省四地六校联考2016-2017学年上学期第三次月考高三化学试卷
甘肃省武威第二十三中学2016—2017学年度八年级第一学期12月月考生物试卷

网友关注视频

二年级下册数学第一课
化学九年级下册全册同步 人教版 第18集 常见的酸和碱(二)
沪教版八年级下册数学练习册20.4(2)一次函数的应用2P8
【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《过松源晨炊漆公店(其五)》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,江苏省
外研版英语三起5年级下册(14版)Module3 Unit2
【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《泊秦淮》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,天津市
冀教版小学数学二年级下册第二单元《有余数除法的整理与复习》
19 爱护鸟类_第一课时(二等奖)(桂美版二年级下册)_T502436
北师大版数学 四年级下册 第三单元 第二节 小数点搬家
第19课 我喜欢的鸟_第一课时(二等奖)(人美杨永善版二年级下册)_T644386
沪教版牛津小学英语(深圳用) 四年级下册 Unit 8
外研版八年级英语下学期 Module3
苏教版二年级下册数学《认识东、南、西、北》
【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《泊秦淮》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,湖北省
3月2日小学二年级数学下册(数一数)
二年级下册数学第二课
北师大版数学四年级下册第三单元第四节街心广场
冀教版英语五年级下册第二课课程解读
第五单元 民族艺术的瑰宝_16. 形形色色的民族乐器_第一课时(岭南版六年级上册)_T3751175
化学九年级下册全册同步 人教版 第25集 生活中常见的盐(二)
【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《老山界》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,安徽省
《空中课堂》二年级下册 数学第一单元第1课时
外研版英语三起6年级下册(14版)Module3 Unit2
第12章 圆锥曲线_12.7 抛物线的标准方程_第一课时(特等奖)(沪教版高二下册)_T274713
飞翔英语—冀教版(三起)英语三年级下册Lesson 2 Cats and Dogs
沪教版八年级下册数学练习册一次函数复习题B组(P11)
冀教版小学英语五年级下册lesson2教学视频(2)
冀教版小学数学二年级下册第二周第2课时《我们的测量》宝丰街小学庞志荣.mp4
外研版英语七年级下册module1unit3名词性物主代词讲解
19 爱护鸟类_第一课时(二等奖)(桂美版二年级下册)_T3763925