计算机引论导论简答题

导论简答题

Chapter 1

1. An informationsystem has five parts:people,procedures,software, hardware and data. People:Areend users who use computer to make themselves more productive.Procedures:Specify rules or guidelines for computer operations. Software:Providesstep-by-step instructins for computer hardware. Hardware:Processes the data tocreate information. Data:Consist of unprocessed facts including text,numbers,image and sounds. People are the most important part of any information system.

2. System softwarehelps the computer manage its own internal resources.It includes three kinds ofprograms:operating systems,utilities and device drivers programs.

3. Basicapplications are the kinds of programs to be considered computer competent.Specialized applications are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines andoccupations. Basic applications have some types,such as browser,wordprocessor,spreadsheet ,and so on. Also specialized applications have manytypes,some of the best known are graphics,audio and video,multimedia,Webauthoring ,and artificial intelligence programs.

4. There are fourtypes of computers:supercomputers,mainframe computers,minicomputers,and microcomputers.

Supercomputers arethe most powerful type of computer. Mainframe computers occupy speciallywired,air-conditioned rooms,they are capable of great processing speeds anddata storage. Minicomputers are refrigeratorsized machines. Microcomputers arethe least powerful,yet the most widely used and fastest-growing,type ofcomputer. Microcomputers are the most common type of computers. There are four types ofmicrocomputers:Desktop computers,Notebook computers,Handheld computers and PDA.

Chapter2

2. The two mostcommon types of providers are National and wireless. National service providers provide accessthrough standard telephone connections. Wireless service providers provideInternet connections for computers with wireless modems and a wide array ofwireless devices.

3. A typicale-mail message has three basic elements:header,message,and signature.

4. Socialnetworking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups.There are threebasic categories of social networking sites:reuniting,friend-of-a-friend,andcommon interest Reuniting sites aredesigned to connect people who have known one another but have lost touch.Friend-of-a-friend sites are designed to bring together two people who do notknow one another but share a common friend. Common interest sites bringtogether individuals that share common interests or hobbies.

Chapter 3

1. General-purposeapplication are widely used in nearly every discipline and occupation.Theyinclude word processors,spreadsheets,database management systems,andpresentation graphics. Specialized application includes thousands of otherprograms that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines andoccupations.

4. Presentationgraplics are programs that combine a variety of visual objects to createautractive,visually interesting presentation.People in a variety of setting andsituations use presentation graphics programs to make their presentations moreinteresting and professional.

5. An integratedpackage is a single program that provides the functionality of a

wordprocessor,spreadsheet,database manager, and more. The primary disadvantage ofan integrated package is that the capabilities of each function are not asextensive as in the individual programs.The primary advantages are cost andsimplicity. A software suite is a collection of separate application programsbundled together and sold as a group.It is significantly less expensive to buya suite of applications than to buy each application separately.

Chapter 5

1. System softwareworks with end users,application software,and computer hardware to handle themajority of technical details.It consists of four types of programs:operatingsystems,utilities,device drivers and language translators.

2. The basicfunctions of every operating system are :managing computer resources,providinga user interface, and running applications.The three basic operating systemcategories are :embedded,network and stand-alone.

3. Windows is byfar the most popular microcomputer operating system today.It comes in a varietyof different versions and is designed to run with Intel and Intel-compatiblemicroprocessors.Mac OS is not nearly as widely used as the Windows operatingsystem.It is a powerful,easy-to-use operating system that is popular withprofessional graphic designs,desktop publishers,and many home users.WhileWindows,the Mac OS are proprietary operating systems,Linux is not.It is opensource software free and available from many sources,including the Web.

4. Utilities arespecialized programs designed to make computing easier.The five most essentialutilities are :troubleshooting or diagnostic programs,antivirusprograms,uninstall programs,backup programs and file compressionprograms.Unility suites combine several programs into one package.