从托福听力背景材料中学单词—端粒长短与健康问题(13)

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从托福听力背景材料中学单词—端粒长短与健康问题(13)
这篇文章主要讲的是经常的身体锻炼可以使端粒减缓缩短的速度与机率。端粒的长
短会影响人们的身体健康。下面前程百利小编带大家一块看一下这篇托福听力背景材料
中出现的生词，希望能给正在备考托福听力的同学带来帮助。
Telomeres(染色体终端)are parts of chromosomes(染色体) that protect the ends
of the chromosomes(染色体). They’re often likened to the aglets(金属饰物) at
the ends of shoelaces(鞋带). And like aglets (金属饰物)eventually crack(破裂),
telomeres(染色体终端) tend to get shorter over time, with each division(分割)
of the cell. But they can be topped off (结束)again by an enzyme(酶) called
telomerase(染色体终端) reverse transcriptase(转录酶). Various age-related
diseases are associated with shortened telomeres.
Elizabeth Blackburn won a Nobel Prize for her discoveries about telomeres
and the telomerase (染色体终端)enzyme(酶). She recently did a Google Hangout
with Scientific American editor-in-chief Mariette DiChristina, which included
taking questions from attendees(参加者) via social media:
MD: “Can telomeres actually grow longer in response to exercise?”
EB: “Well, we don’t know if telomeres(染色体终端) actually grow with
exercise. But what is known, I’ll give you a great example of a study. We didn’t
do it. Twins. So they looked at twins. This is a big study. And they said, of
the twins who’ve actually done exercise, the one who did exercise and the one
who didn’t, so you’d be able to find a lot of twins it turns out, in that
situation. And they said, who’s got the longer telomeres. And it was the twin
who did some exercise. The one who didn’t had shorter telomeres. And yet their
genes (基因)are the same. So you see, that tells you something quite nice.
“And of course, well, you say, was it really the exercise, or was it
something else that was different between the twins. And that’s where
epidemiology(流行病学研究) studies have to be done so carefully. But over and
over again, we keep finding that same r esult—that the exercise is associated
with a person who will have less telomere shortening. And so it looks like now
it really is the exercise that’s somehow keeping the shortening process from
being too fast.”
比较难的词汇汇总：
Telomeresn. 染色体终端(telomere 的复数