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高温高湿环境下颅脑损伤动物创腔及周围组织细菌生长的特点

中国临床康复第7D卷第理期2006—03~25出版

chi舶3eJoHmd《cltn记文Reh幽ahm幻‰M珊ch

25

20IMv01.10

No.12

187

?BAsICREsEARCH?

CharactersofbacterialgrowthinwoundCaVltyannDenDneraJanlmalSWltnCraln0CerebrallnlUryUnnerhyperthermiaand

●J1●■●J●●

nSSUeln

●●l●●●●●1

high-humidity术★

Guo

Yan—wul,ZhangShi—zhon91,ZhuHong—shen92,XuRu—xiang

1Departmentof

Neurosu唱ew,

zhujiangHospital,

of

Chinese

PLA,

SouthemMedicaluni—has

not

entered

h培h—rate

repair.

increasingstag。yet,due

to

which,it

isstill

s出

versity,GuangzhouNeumsu。gery,GuOYan—wu★,

the

10282,GuangdongPmvince,China;2DepartmentofHospital

fordebridement

422

Zhalljiang

524005,

Guo

GuangdongPmvince,China

Master,

Y眦zhangsZ.zhuHSpeapheraI

fissue

xuRXchoraderSofbocfenajgro、们h.nⅥ,ound

w计h

covify

Attendingphysician,Lecturer,

Depanmentof

andand

inanimals

crainocerebraIiniury

under

hypenhermia

Neumsurgery,zhujiangHospital,southem,Medicaluniversity,Guangzhou

510282,GuallgdongPmvjnce,Cbjna

Supportedby:MilitaryMedicalScienti矗candTechnologicalingNinthFive—YearPlanPeriod,No.96M0674

Received:2004一09一17

Accepted.2005—11—21

high—humid眦觋on昭聊∞比^“矾gK∞咖2006:10门2l:187—9(China)h^^^wzgIc睹coml

INTRoDUCTIoN

Ppojectdur-

(04一04—9—6136/YL)

Craniocereb矗ImissilewoundfCMWlisthecommon

ofwar’anditsincidenceis

severe

trauma

15%一20%。justIessthantheiniuIvof

isthetopofthe

Abstract

BACKGRoUND:Cminocerebral

verevates

fourlimbs,butits

missile

woundthe

fCMW)isthe

important

commonse—

traumaofwar.EnvimnmentaIfactorjsfactorthat

mortalityinjuIiesineverypartof

wholeboy,about30%to50%【¨.Thetypicalclimateishyperther—

miaandhighin

aggra—

thedeveloDmentofsicknessandthrea【ensthelifb

at

ofthesickand

humidityineveryprovinceandre西onalongthe

includingthe

vast

coast

wounded

under

earlvstage.Thestudv

and

onbasictheory

is

the

andmaior

treatmentof

CMW

thesouthofChina,territoryofHongKong,

hypenhe删ja

To

hi如一humi击tv

task

in

mili£aw

Macao。Taiwan.theXishaIslandsandNanshaIslands.Forsuchenvironmentisthemost

CMW.

and

medicine.oBJECTIVE:

cavity

majorfactorthat

the

li托

innuenceoflifb

aggravates

thede—

observethe

tissue

charactersof

bacterial舯wth

under

to

inwoundveloDmentwounded

at

ofsicknessandthI℃atensofthesick

andperipherd

so

as

to

after

the

CMW

incats

hvperthe瑚ia

tissue

repair

andand

high-humiditv

its

provide

in

referencedatathe

earlystage.The

significant

on

hypenhe硼iaandhigh—

functional

recoverv

CMW.

exDeriment.

in

humidityisveIyphysicalsignsandmortalityof

on

DESIGN:RandomizedcontmUedSETTDⅡG:Su唱eryed

to

CMW【刨.

Therefore.

thestudv

basictheonrandtreatmentof

ZhujiangHospitaI娟Iiat—

SouthemMedicalUniversitv(FirstMilitaryMedicalUniversity).

Department

ofNeumlog)r

CMWunderhyperthennjaandhigh-humidityisthemajortaskin

militarvmedicine.fection

at

Inthisresearch.

stage

on

thecharacterofbacterialin.

MATEmALS:

Medicineand2003.In

Theexperimem

was

pe面彻ed

inDepanmentofTropical

to

May

theeadvof10w.velocitvit

were

CMWandtheinnuenceof

so

as

HygieneinSouthemMedical

catswere

University

f而mApril

environmentalfhctor

expJoredinitiaIlv

Ian窖.e

to

providethesoft

hybridemployed,ofcleangmde,of

eithersex,body—weighted(2.5±0.2)kg,providedf而mExperimentalAnimal

theexperiment,24

tlleevidencesfororientatingthetissueofcerebral

ofdebridementin

CenterofSouthemMedicalUniversitv.The

animalswere豫ndomizedinto

fiream

woundaJldforchoosingtherightmoment

groups,namedthecontml

atcommon

perature

gmup(8cats),hyperthe咖ia

cat

andhigh—humidity

temperature(5cats),commontem—

gmup(8cats)andinjectedabdominallvwith30∥L

Aftersuccessfulestablishment

temperature

ofdebridementinviewofinfbctiouscontrDl.

blankcontmlf3catsl.

METHoDS:Afterwei加ted,the

pentobarbitolsodium

solution

at

was

MATERIALSMaterials

TheexperimentandHygienein

AND

METHoDS

30

mg/kg.

was

ofcraniocerebralblindgutwound

cats

model,incommon

gmup,the

peIfoHnedinDepartmentofTmpicalMedicine

wereDlaced

insimulated

in

cljmaticcabin

at

25℃and50%relevant

the

SouthemMedicalUniversity(FirstMilitar)『Medical

April

to

humidityfor

cats

hoursand

in

were

placed

the

hyperthe珊iaandhigh—humiditygmup,

hvperthe瑚iaandhigh.humiditvenvimnment

f}a5汹enfed

bIain

tissuein

0—5

Universi‘y)from

cats

were

May2003.Intheexperiment,24

hybrid

fbr6

employed,ofclean

bours.brain

were

Witbbiopsy。

tissue

on

thewound

mm

tI.actandthe

mmho—

(2.5±O.2)

Southem

gmde,ofeithersex,body—weighted

kg,providedf而mExperimentalAnimalCenterof

University

were

thewallofwound

tract

farf而mand5—10

and

to

Medical

(License

Number:2002—007

named

c01lectedandprepared.into

countingwas

in

successivelyin24

naturalsolution

culture

In

mogenate。andlatebacterialtrol-the

cats

done

hoursofbacterial

calcu—

con—

2003A050).

thecontml

at

Theanimalscommon

mndomizedinto4groups,

content

woundcavitv

a11dperipheral

tissue.blank

tempemture(5cats),commontemperature

were

rest

sacrifjced

were

withanesthesiasame

as

andthematerial

at

wascollected

group(8cats),hyperthe珊ia

blankcontml

andhigh?humiditygroup(8cats)and

JapaneseNarishige

temperature,

hu—No.1

directlv.me

steDs

thecontrol

commontemperature.

in

f3catsl.

Stereotaxicinstnlment

MAINoUTCOM[EM[EASURES:BacteriaI

peripheral

tissuein

contentwoundcavitvand

Instmments:

(SN—I,

each

gmup.

were

Company),

eⅡlploved

inoutcome

in

simulatedclimatic

speed,

cabin(adjustable

RESULTS:Totallv23animals

一al

analvsis.Bacte一dif玷rem

that

groupssi静1ifi—

com-

comemsjnsameregions

was

were

dif玷rentremarkably

in

midityandwindMilitary

Medical

developedin

ThernlalInstituteof

(。F=171.423.P=0.000).It

cant

indicated

paired

at

comparison

difference

happens

betweenthecontmlcommontemperature,

leadphysiologytemperature

University),gasgun(B5—2A,fmmGuangzhou),8一recorder(RM一600,NihonKohden,J印an),constant

(Shanghai

Rong-fengScientific

InstrIlmentShanghai

mon

temperature

gmupandhyperthe彻ia

at

blankcontmlsuccessivelv俨<O.01).The

the

control

andhigh—humidityg严oupanddifferencewasnotsigIlificantin

commontem—

incubator

Company,Ltd),table—styledentalelectmdrill(307—6,

Dental

thecomparisonamongcommontemperature,

peratur8夸oupandbperthermiaandterialcontentsatdiffbrentdistancesremarkablv

ineach

hi出-humiditygroup(p>O.05).Bac—

fromthe

woundcavitvwerediff色rent

InstmmentFacotory),portablesterilizationsystem(Suzhou

MedicalInstmmentCompany,Ltd.)andelectronicanalyzingscale

A&D

gmupfF_14.865,P=0.000).

and

CoNCLUSIoN:Hyperthe咖ia

cantly

the

high—hu而iditydoes

in

notimpactsignifi—

(ER—120A,JapaneseMethodsCalmrati彻“gas

Company).dete册inatjon

ofbulletvelocity

bacterjal卿wth

of

CMW6hoursandbacterialreproduction

gunand

 

IssN167l一5926CN2l一1470/R

188

一.召c够com

bullet,(0.60±0.01)g

used;thegun

was

妮刀8∞韶吼imcom郭燕舞,等高温高湿环境下颅脑损伤动物创腔及周围组织细菌生长的特点

Intheexperiment,the4.5mmindiameterletvelocitywith

one

in

massweightand

catwasdiedinblank

contIDl,te珊inaUy,23

catsweIe

inoutcome

was

calibratedanditsbul-

analysis.

Bacte—alcontentiIl

was

detemined.The

velocity

was

(65.72±1.43)In/s

with

two

aIlimaIbraintissueafterinjuryill明ch

pressureandwas(101.54士4.42)m/s

was

at

pressures.

group口able1)

Table

3】

PrepamtionofCMWmodel【1

BacterialcontentinaIlimalbraintissue甜ter

After

weighted,the

cat

injected

on

abdominallywith30g/Lpen—

success—

gmup

injuFineach

0±spcs-/曲

tobarbitolsodiumsolutionfully,thelater,

catwas

30mg/kg.Afteranesthetized

stereotaxic

was

fixedinsupinefhme;2—3hours

added

toto

1/3ofthe

originaldoseofsolution

was

maintainthe

venex

theanesthesia.Thescalpalongthe

was

vertex

incisedf而meyebIDws

midline,

to

about2cmexpose

skull.

inlengthandthesofttissueAforamen

was

sepamtedbluntly

drilled

on

It

was

shownin’Ihble1thatbacte订al

contents

inthesameregions

theanteriorwallofright

f而ntalsinuandtheanterior

bywhich,

waxwas

wasremoved

was

were

diffbrentremarkablyindifferentgmups(肚171.423,e=o.000).

was

with6nebonegougingforceps,

theposteriorwall

Itwas

indicatedinpairedcomparisonthatthedif玷Ience

sig—

maintainedentirely.Finally,boneIntheexperiment,

appliedforhemostasis.

one

ni矗cantincompadsonbetweenthecommontemperatureandtheblank

contml

at

commontemperature,

thegasgunwith

buⅡetof

pressure

was

gmup,hypenhe珊ia

and

high—humidity

group

used.Thegunmouthtouchedtheposteriorwallofrightfmntalsinu,line

to

20。wasavoidthe

fo瑚edinjury

betweenof

calibmtingtrajectoryandsagittaJ

was

contmlsuccessively(P<0.01),butt}lerewasnosig—

nificantdifkrence锄ong山emreegmups(P>0.05).Remarkable

difI.erence

was

bminstem,andthen,thegun

fixed.

indicatedinbacterial

fromwound

was

contents

intheregionsthat

Wheneyelashrejectionwasrecovered,t}Iegllnwasshottoaccom—plishcraniocerebmlblindgutwoundmodel.Incommontempera—

ture

were缸differentlycav咄too(肚14.865,佟0.000).

contentwas

Significantdifkrenceshowninpailedcomparisonamongthree

decreasedbythein—

at

gmup

and

hyperthe瑚ia

and

was

high—humiditygroup,after

appliedforthe

was

cases

I℃gions(尸<0.01).7Ihe

creased

bacterial

wounded,

assistantrespirationwithap—distance

tothewoundtractinthecontIolcommontem—

andhigh—

nea.whenthesubjectiverespiration

izeddenturebaseI℃sin

was

was

restored

nomlally,steril-perature,

common

tempemture

gmupandhyperthe瑚ia

usedtosealbonewindowandtheskin

humiditygroup.

stjtched.

DISCUSSloN

at

MaterialcollectionandbacteriacultuI℃After

success

ofmodeling’

inthecontml

commontemperature,

on

Thegmwthofculturebacteriaisdividedintolagphase,logphase,stablephaseanddeathphase阁.LagphaseIeferswhichbacteria

do

not

to

thefhgmentedbraintissueinthewallofwound1ected

tract

woundtmctandthebmintissue

0—5mmand5—10mm

were

theperiodin

f矗f而mc01.

adapt

totIleenvironmentanditsdumtion

environment.

withasepticsuqgical

instmmentfiomthewoundedanimals

depends

host

on

theadaptability

ofbacteda

tothenew

inthewayof

was

biopsy.Afterweighted,isotonicphysi0109icalsaline

was

Thegmwtllofhostbacteriaisrather

complicated,

It

theimmunityof

added2.5mLfbreachone,andthen,aseptic昏五nder

to

resists舳d

eliminatesbaeteIia,which

pmlongsthepreparation

seen

used

preparehomogenate

of

that

was

diluted

as

natumlsolution

agarmediumcollect

one

stageofbacteriaenteTinglogphase.experiment,althoughthere

hreen

was

wasintheresultof

aJldhomogenate

was

100g/Lrespectively.

was

Commonused

to

cenainchangeincompadsonbe—

adoptedand

quantitativedmpper

natumlthebacteriacontentin

woundcavitytissuein6hoursafter

homogenateanddilution100g/L,

them

on

1mLfbreach

was

anddmpinjury(common

miditymon

temperaturegroupandthat

at

hypenhemia

injury(the

andhigh—hu—

at

theplate.Aftercoated

at

evenly,theplate

was

placedinthegmup)and

themomentofcontrolcom—

incubatorforculture

35℃,andcounting

the

cats

donein24hours.

temperature),

are

thedifkrencewasnot

significantin

statistical

Incommontemperaturegroup,climaticcabinthemateriaJgroup,the

at

were

placedinsimulated

6hourslater,

analysis.Itisexplaipedthatin6houIsofexperiment,tllepollutedbacteria

not

25℃andrelevanthumidity50%,

collected.

placedinthehypenhennia

stillinadaptivestage

tothenewenvironmentandhas

was

InhyperthenTliaandhigh—humidityenteredrepmductionstageofh远h—rate

as

growthyet.

cats

at

weIe

andhigh—humidity

6hourslater,

as

‘rhemostadaptivemonly

seen

tempemtureis37℃fort11egrowthofthecom—

bacteria,such

environmentthematerial

at

35℃andrelevanthumidity85%,

collectedandthesteps

were

infectious

staph.epide册idis,staph.

very

wassame

cats

thecontrDlsacri6ced

auIeus,escherichiacoli,efc.ThegIDwthofbacteriaisfited

at

bene—

commontemperature.Inblankcontrol,the

was

were

37—44℃嘲.’rhebodytempemtureofexperimentalanimal37℃,at

w“hanest}lesiaandthematerial

collecteddiIectlyfjombilat—

on

isabout

hyperthe硼ia,the

upto

regulationofbody

anus

tempemture

can

e矗Ip丽eta】_lobetissuewithasepticsurgicalinstnImentbased

biopsy,the

rest

isimpaired

afterwoundedandthe

tempemture

e.

bein-

ex.

stepswere,same

as

thecontmlat

commontempe卜

500×counts/

fTom

creasedpersistentlyperiment,thebody

to

42.5℃,

thelimitativevaluIhthis

ature.Bacterialcounting:bacterialcontent(pcs/曲=2

counts

were

weight(阻曲/dilution

two

multiple.10一loo

coUected

42.4℃,

can

tempemtureofcatwasinthemngef南m36.9℃

whichisthesuitabletemperatureforbacterialgr州nh.

that

theoutside

cu】tllredishesfbrsta6stic【4】.Itbeless

seenon

tempemtuI℃andhumidityinnu—

content

Statisticalanalysis

ThefiIstandthirdwritersadoptedSPSS

10.Osoftwareforstatisti—

were

ences

thereproductionandgrowthofbacteriainthewound

was

inshortperiod.Therewound

cenainchangeofbacterial

at

in

calmanagement,ANOVAandmultiplecompaIisonst}lecomparison

ingroupandamong

usedfor

was

ex—

tmctincomp耐sonofthecontrolcommontemperature

and

gmups.Theresultwithcommontemperaturegmup,gmupsuccessively,

hyperthe珊jahigh—humidity

Itis

ex—

pressedwithMean±SD.

butwithoutstatisticalsignificance.

area

plainedthatbacterialreproductionisdelayedinlocal

RESULTS

bacteriainthewoundedregionhave

analysisofthe

not

andthe

for

attackedallaIDund,

at

QuantitativeexperimentalaIIimals

ofwhichl

which,itissuitableIt

is

verified

to

applydebridement

early

stateoftrauma.

‘I、otally24animalsweI℃employedintheexperiment,simultaneou童lyintheexperimentthata11kinasof

 

ISSN1671-5926CN21-1470/R

M%碱t詹m

infection.

content

中国临床康复2006年3月25日第lO卷第12期

189

studyattachmentofbacteria

firearmwoundhavebacterialInthecontrolin

wound

tract

atcon.

uD

modifiedRobbinsdevice

or

floweell

totosur.

montemperature,thebacterial103

pcs./g.

Bacteria

are

wasto

faees.Methods

JiangHT.bu

Enzymol2001;337:43-62

broughtmainly

bythebullet

YQ,ZhangMC,et以.Bacteriological,studyinsofttissuesinfee-byhighvelocity

missile.ZhonghuaChuangshang

during

tionofmaxillofaeialwoundZozhi

shootingandabsorbeddue

to

thenegativepressureformedinthe

1997:13f31:155-7

Ds,Pei

cavity.Inthisexperiment,thebulletvelocityofgasgunwaslower,whichresultsinlimitcavityactionandfewercountsofbacteriatT,s1.

Intheanalysisistedinthebacteriain

on

Zhao

Gx,WeiKH。et

woundinthelimbsofdogsXuebao200l:21f11:8—9

nf.Quantitativebacteriologicalstudyofgunshotirihotandhumidenvironment.Di.yiJunyiDoxn,e

experimentaldata.thebacteria

were

mainly

weretract

ex.

iniuredandfesteredbraintissue.There

more

10

MatthewsMA,CareyME,SobloskyJS,eta1.FocalbraininjuryanditseffectsOllcerebralmantle,neurons,andfibertracks.BrainRes1998;794f11:l—18

theregion5mmfarfromthewallofwound

Wei

KH.PeiGX,Zheng

on

L.eta1.Bacteriumcultureandfloraanalysisof

gun.

and

shotwoundXuebaoYu

1imbsofdogsinhotandhumidenvironment.Di.yiJunyiDo.x:/og

fewerbacteriaintheregion5mmbeyondthewall.Extremelysig—nificantdifferencehappensamongthethreeregions.Duringdebridement.

braintissue

istheregionthat

CMW

shouldbespecially

at.Effectofhightemperatureandhumidityenvi—

braintissuedamageofdogs.ZhonggnoLinchuangKangfu2004;8

f25、:5290:1ronment

on

2002;22(1):20—1L'XuRX,JiangXD,et

treasured;suchconclusionisalsosupportedinthisexperiment.Inthewounddebridementatearlystage,woundcavityaroundbrain

tissueshould

cept

beeliminatedinthe

range

from5mmto10mm.Ex—

on

高温高湿环境下颅脑损伤动物创腔及周围组织

eliminatedfesteredtissue,anattentionshouldbepaid

state

the

细菌生长的特点杜

郭燕舞1,张世忠1,朱红胜2,徐如祥1

1南方医科大学珠江医院神经外科,广东省广州市510282;2解放军第422医院神经外科,广东省湛江市524005

郭燕舞★,男,1977年生,河南省唐河县人,汉族,2002年第一军医大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,讲师,主要从事颅脑损伤的基础与临床研究。军队“九五”军事医学科研课题(96M067)4摘要

背景:颅脑火器伤是战时常见的严重创伤,而环境因素是加剧病情发展、早期危及伤病员生命的重要因素。开展高温高湿环境下颅脑火器伤基础与救治研究是军事医学的重要课题。

目的:观察高温高湿环境下猫颅脑火器伤后创腔及周围组织细菌生长特点,为颅脑火器伤组织修复及其功能恢复提供参考。设计:随机对照实验。

单位:南方医科大学(原第一军医大学)附属珠江医院神经外科。材料:实验于2003一04/05在南方医科大学热带医学与卫生系实验室完成。实验逸取清洁级杂种猫24只。雌雄不限,体质量(2.5土0.2)kg,由南方医科大学实验动物中心提供。将实验动物随机分为4组:常温火器伤对照组5只;常温火器伤组8只;高温高湿火器伤组8只;空白对照组3

只。

general

ofwounded

casesoasto

improveregionallyimpair-

solvetissueanoxiaand

mentofbloodflowandmicrocirculation,traumaticedema,

structure

maintainthe

stabilityofcellsandmembrane

to

andenhancetheimmunityoftissue

bacterial9,101.

can

Withtheapplicationofantibiotic.thedebridementofCMW

delayedin24hoursr“1.Inthisexperiment.theobservationonlyin6hours,because

be

was

done

underhyperthermiaandhigh-humidity,

over

the

anus

temperatureofanimalwillbeincreased42℃in4—5

hours.andtheis

not

animalwillbediedinquiteshorttime.Thereforeit

toat

allowed

recognizetheearly

furthertherelevantalternations.

Itis

indicatedthat

stage(inhours)ofCMWinhyperther-

affects

mia.andhigh?humidity,hyperthermiaweaklythegrowthof

andhigh—humidity

bacteria,butimpactsstronglythelifephysi—

ca/signs。whichresultsinanitaaldeathi/1shorttime.Therefore.thestudyandtreatmentofCMWin

ty

hyperthermia

as

and

high.humidi—

should

stress

on

howto

breakawayfromhyperthermiaandhigh—

early

as

humidity

andstabilizelifephysicalsigns

possible。To

breakawayfromhyperthermiaandthevitalityofwoundedtissue.In

high,humidity

benefitsrestoring

summary,hypeahermiaandhigh—humiditydoes

not

affectthe

not

growthofbacteriaofremarkablychangearoundaftertionhas

not

CMWin6hourssignificantly.Thereis

content

方法:将猫称重后用30鼻/L戊巴比妥钠液按30mg/kg行腹腔注射。构建颅脑盲管伤模型,待模型成立后,常温火器伤组伤后置于25℃、相对湿度50%的仿真模拟气候舱中6h,高温高湿火器伤组置于35℃、相对湿度为85%的高温高湿环境中6h。按活检法分别取伤道内碎裂脑组织,伤道壁0-5him和5~10ml/l的脑组织,称重后配制成原液和匀浆液,培养24h后计数,并计算创腔及周围组织细菌含量。空白对照组麻醉致死后直接取材,其余步骤同常温火器伤对照组。主要观察指标:各组创腔及周围组织细菌含量。

结果:23只动物纳入结果分析。相同部位细菌含量因分组不同而有明显

inbacterial

inwoundcavity

in5mm

CMWin6hours.explainingthatbacterialreproduc—

entered

high-rateincreasingphase,due

to

which,itis

safeforthedebridementofwonndin6hours.

REFERENCES

Guo

cats

YW,Ma

after

DX,XuRX.Vitalsigns

changesandsurvivalcurveanalysisofof

temperature

性差异(F=171.423,P=0.000)。两两比较显示常温火器伤对照组、常温

火器伤组、高温高湿火器伤组与空白对照组之间差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),而常温火器伤对照组、常温火器伤组和高温高湿火器伤组之间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。各组内距创腔距离的不同细菌含量亦有明显差异(F=14.865,P=0.000)。

结论:高温高湿环境对颅脑火器伤6h内的细菌生长情况无显著影响,细菌繁殖未进入高速增长期,进行清创性修复仍是安全的。主题词:创伤,枪击;微生物学;湿度;温度;细菌

中图分类号:R641

文献标识码:A文章编号:1671—5926(2006)12-0187—03

郭燕舞,张世忠,朱红胜,徐如祥.高温高湿环境下颅脑损伤动物创腔及周围组织细菌生长的特点叭中国临床康复,2006,10(121:187—9

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