代词

　　【考点归纳】

　　1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;

　　2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法; 3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法; 4 常见不定代词的一般用法;

　　5. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法; 6. 相互代词的基本用法; 7. 疑问代词的基本用法。 8. 关系代词的基本用法。 【专题讲解】 一、代词分类

　　代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词等

　　试体会下列人称代词的用法：

　　（1）he seated himself at the back of the classroom.（反身代词只作宾语、同位语和表语） （2）Please help yourself to some fish.

　　（3）Sometimes he doesn’t believe in himself.- （4）Who is knocking at the door？ It’s me. （5）The poor boy was himself. （6）This book is mine， not his.

　　（7）He’s an old friend of mine， not hers.

　　（8）You， he and i have worked together for ten years.（注意人称代词的顺序）

　　(9）Nice to see you here. me too.（这里不能用I：我也如此。）

　　(10）All of us should learn from them all

　　（一）人称代词

　　1、基本用法

　　1）作主语用主格。作宾语用宾格。作表语多用宾格。

　　We meet him in the street yesterday. ---Who is it? --- It’s me.

　　注：在but, except, than , as 之后，可用主格或宾格，句义不变。

　　I’m as tall as she(her).

　　2）she 可以代表―国家， 船只，大地，月亮‖。 he 指―太阳‖。

　　China has risen. She in no longer what she used to be.

　　3) 排列顺序 （单数人称： 二三一； 复数人称：一 二三）

　　You, he and I should do that. We, you and they must help each other in our studies. 注：在承担责任、错误时，顺序为一 二 三。I and my sister are to blame.

　　2、考点

　　1）作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。

　　—Does any of you know where Tom lives? —Me. What! Me (to)play him at chess? No!

　　2）it 的用法及习惯搭配。

　　(二）物主代词

　　代词中第一个就是物主代词。像my和mine这两个小冤家总是让人

　　分不清谁是谁。但你只要记住它们最重要的区别—my的后面一定要接名词，不可以单独出现，只能做定语，如：my father;而 mine则是名词性，只能单独出现，在句中做主语和表语。如：Mine is green. It's mine. 记住这两个句子，凡是名词性物主代词(yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs)就都可以放在mine的位置上了。这样，通过它们出现的位置不同，我们就可以把它们区别开了。

　　1. 基本用法

　　1）形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只作定语，不作表语。

　　My hometown, /his school, /their future….

　　2) 名词性物主代词等于―形容词性物主代词+名词‖，可以作主语、宾语、表语。 You love your country and we love ours.

　　---Whose bag is this? --- It’s hers.

　　2. 考点： 1）one’s own…=...of one’s own句式的转换。

　　I want to have a car of my own.= I want to have my own car.

　　2）―介词 + the + 身体部位‖此处不能用形容词性物主代词代替the。

　　The robber knocked her on the back.

　　（三）反身代词 代词的第二点就是它有一个小跟班-self(selves)—反身代词，也就是表示―己、亲自‖的意思。关于反身代词，需要注意的是她不能单独做主语，但可以放在人称代词后面做同位语。

　　1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。

　　One should not praise oneself. She often speaks to herself.

　　She is not quite herself. The table itself has only three legs.

　　2.考点

　　1) 谓语动词的宾语为主语本身，该宾语用反身代词。

　　She found herself in a different world.

　　2) 带有反身代词的惯用语。

　　enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood， help yourself to…,seat oneself, dress oneself, call oneself,

　　teach oneself, by oneself, to oneself, of oneself,

　　for oneself, talk to oneself in oneself

　　（四）相互代词（each other, one another）

　　相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s 、one another’s ,作定语。一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。

　　We should learn from each other / one another. (作宾语)

　　Do you often write to each other / one another? (作宾语)

　　We often borrow each other's / one another's books. (作定语)

　　The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.(作定语)

　　（五）指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）

　　指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。

　　1. 指示代词this/ these和that/ those的区别。

　　①this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物。that(those) 常指时间或空间较远的人或物。 This is my desk and that is yours. In those days they could not go to school.

　　②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用； that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。 I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.

　　He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.

　　③考点：为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。

　　The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.

　　The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.

　　2. such和same的用法。

　　①such指―这样的‖人或事，在句中作主语和定语。

　　Such was the story. We have never seen such a tall building.

　　②the same指―同样的‖人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。

　　The same can be said of the other article.

　　（六）疑问代词（who, whom, which, what, whose）疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。

　　1.who/what 询问姓名或关系用who。

　　—Who is he? —He is my brother./He is Henry.

　　询问职业或地位用what。 —What is he？ —He is a lawyer/teacher

　　2. which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。

　　I found two books on the desk.Which is yours?

　　（七）连接代词和关系代词 （非重点）

　　连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，以连接代词引起的名词性从句前不能再加that. 关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。

　　（八）不定代词（中考重点）

　　不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、 much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。

　　1. one, some与any:

　　1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。

　　One should learn to think of others. I have some questions to ask.

　　Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.

　　2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?

　　3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。

　　I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.

　　4) some和数词连用表示―大约‖，any可与比较级连用表示程度。

　　There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?

　　2. each和every:

　　each every

　　1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用

　　2)可做代名词、形容词 2)仅作形容词

　　3)着重―个别‖3)着重―全体‖，毫无例外

　　4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物

　　each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

　　①Each student has a pocket dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary.

　　②Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points.

　　3. none和no：no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。

　　There is no water in the bottle. How much water is there in the bottle? None.

　　4. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别

　　含义 表示肯定表示否定

　　用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有

　　用于不可数名a little，虽少，但有一点little不多，没有什么

　　I'm going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese.

　　There is only a little milk in the glass. He has few friends.

　　They had little money with them.

　　2)a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示―有点，稍微‖，little表示―很少‖I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) She slept very little last night.

　　l1)other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是―其他的、别的】 Where are his other books? I haven't any other books except this one.

　　2)other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成―the other‖，表示两个人或物中的―另个‖。常与one搭配构成one ..., the other ...‖句型。

　　He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.

　　She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.

　　3)other作代词用时，可以有复数―others‖，泛指―另外的人或物‖。常与some搭配构成some ...., others ...‖句型。

　　Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.

　　This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.

　　4)―the others‖表示特指某范围内的―其他的人或物‖

　　We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock.

　　In our class only Tom is English, the other are Chinese.

　　5)another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为―另一个‖，还可以跟代词one. You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?

　　Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?

　　6)another也可以作代词用，表示―另一个‖

　　I'm still hungry afterI've had this cake. Please give me another

　　1. By the way, who will teach ___pop music next term?

　　A. us B. our C. ours D. we

　　2. Both Pingping and Beibei have done ___homework.

　　A. his B. herC. their D. both’s

　　3. Everybody is here, ___?

　　A. isn’t everybody B. isn’t itC. isn’t he D. aren’t they

　　4. It was ___ who wrote those words on the blackboard.

　　A. he B. himC. himself D. his

　　5. He wants nothing but a house of ____.

　　A. his own B. himself c. his father D. his own house

　　6. Can you express ___ in English?

　　A. yourself B. you C. yours D.yours’

　　7. One of them hasn’t got ___ lessons prepared.

　　A. her B. its C. one’s D. his

　　8. You don’t look quite ___ today. What’s the matter with you?

　　A. you B. your C. your own D. yourself

　　9. Though ___ is a long way from here, we’ll do our best to reach there in time.

　　A. there B. it C. its D. itself

　　10. We don’t consider ___ necessary for them to move into that house.

　　A. that B. this C. it D. them

　　11. ___ is a great and glorious country.

　　A. Our B. Ours C. Its D. Our’s

　　12. He parents are going on a study trip with a friend of ___.

　　A. them B. their C. themselves D. theirs

　　13. I’m sorry to say ___ of your answers are correct.

　　A. none B. neither C. both D. any

　　14. --- Who is that knocking at the door? -----_____ must be the milkman.

　　A. He B. She C.It D. The man

　　15. ___ agree to your plan.

　　A. Anyone of us B. No one of us C. None of us D. Someone of us

　　16. The books here are not so well written as ___ on the shelf.

　　A. that B. those C. ones D. them

　　17. My father is a farmer, but ___ is yours?

　　A. who B. how C. which D. what

　　18. ___ do you think of my composition?

　　A. How B. What C. Which D. Why

　　19. ___ of you would like to get me the bike?

　　A. Which B. What C. Whom

　　D. Whomever

　　20. Please write on the paper ___ line.

　　A. each other B. every other C. all other D. this and that

　　21. Would you lend me ___ of your money, please?

　　A. any B. many C. some D. a lot of

　　22. Sorry, but I have only ___ ink left over.

　　A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

　　23. ___ who come from the countryside, please fill out the form.

　　A. All B. Anyone C. These D. Those

　　24. She went for a swim in the pool yesterday and I’ll do ___ this afternoon.

　　A. it B. such C. same D. the same

　　25. There’re tall buildings on ___ side of the street.

　　A. either B. both C. every D. any

　　26. ___ must do ___ best to serve the people.

　　A. One…hisB. One…herC. One…oneD. Ones…ones’

　　27. He has quite a lot of interesting magazines but I have ___.

　　A. no B. none C. no one D. neither

　　28. ___ are fond of collecting stamps.

　　A. Both the children B. Both of children C.My both children D. Both of the

　　29. Of the 4 books, one is written by a young writer and ___ by an old one.

　　A. other three B. three other C. the other three D. the three othe

　　30. He invited the three of ___, Bob, Tom and ___.

　　A. we…me B. us…I C. we…I D. us…me