AnOverviewOfExpressDeliveryServices快递服务业概述大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

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　　文献、资料中文题目：快递服务业概述

　　文献、资料英文题目：An Overview of Express Delivery Services 文献、资料来源：

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　　翻译日期： 2017.02.14

　　Close custodial control : Using sophisticated information systems that enhance security , EDS firms maintain close custodial and administrative control over all shipments. This is particularly important to reduce the risk of loss or damage to goods in transit. Track and trace technology : Shippers and consignees may track the precise movement and location of their shipments and confirm delivery with the use of sophisticated ‘track and trace’technology that an EDS firm provides.

　　Facilitation of customs clearance : EDS firms assist with customs clearance so that customers do not have to navigate bureaucratic customs regimes and the required paperwork.

　　High level of reliability : EDS firms promise that packages will

　　arrive at the required destination , on time ,this is particularly important for shipments of high-tech components due for production lines , as well as essential financial documents.

　　Global service : the major EDS firms offer their customers delivery to market and cities worldwide through an intricate network of air hubs and stations. EDS is a network business.

　　Speed of delivery : Most importantly , Overnight and Second-day express services reduce overall inventory and warehousing needs , and imize supply chain efficiency . the average shipping time form the U.S . to Southeast Asia is about 2-3 working days door-to-door . Together , these characteristics bring businesses timely , secure , and guaranteed worldwide delivery of documents , products , components , and spare parts to assist with efficient supply chain management.

　　B. Benefits to Businesses

　　Air cargo represents 40 percent of the value of global trade . The bulk of this is handle by EDS firms . Servicing the needs of both multinational corporations and the emergent small and medium enterprise SME sector in their manufacturing , import , and export activities , this industry has been an important engine for economic growth . Sectors which heavily rely on EDS to remain competitive are knowledge-based and technologically advanced , including that of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology , information technology and telecoms , textiles , automotive transport , engineering , financial and business service , and traditional manufacturing .

　　To remain competitive , companies today focus not only on product performance but also factor in how well costs can be managed and reduced through distribution and production , and how quickly parts can be brought together , assembled , and distributed to global markets . EDS firms help with the smooth orchestration of these activities and are therefore part of the critical infrastructure for efficient supply chain management .

　　Reducing Inventory and Other Indirect Costs .

　　With the support of EDS , companies no longer have to maintain large inventories and can therefore carry out better concentration , rationalization , and location of warehouses . In a study conducted by Gausch and Kogan 2001 , companies in developing countries were found to have 2-5 times more inventory holdings in the manufacturing sector than companies in the U . S .

　　Having these inventories could consequently reduce unit production costs by 20 percent . In a typical Asian emerging market , logistics supply chain costs is as high as 22-24 percent of total production costs for manufacturers . In another study , it was found that for every $1 spent on express transportation , companies would save $1.50 in warehousing and inventory cost . For manufacturers ,taking advantage of the availability of EDS allows for more efficient stock management and production techniques to be practiced , including the ability to respond more quickly to stock outages , and production interruptions . These indirect costs are not always visible and often overlooked but are critical to SMEs in emerging economies . Other immediate cost savings can also be realized through greater flexibility in sourcing . The flexibility allows companies to source from a wider array of suppliers and reduce their input costs .

　　Introducing Flexibility into Business Structure

　　EDS allows for more flexible business solutions . Relying on EDS to bridge distances removes the traditionally important time-to-market consideration and allows companies to make strategic decisions on where to locate their business units based on factors of competition , proximity to supporting industries , and complementary industry hubs .

　　This is particularly relevant for knowledge-based industries in the biomedical and pharmaceutical field . In a survey conducted of European companies in Germany on the usage of EDS , 80 percent of survey respondents reported the importance of being based in locations providing “imum participation in leading research associations .” Decentralization of research development units to hubs where these laboratories , testing

　　centers , hospitals , patent registration offices , and research think tanks are located allows business to benefit from an environment of innovation important to product development . At the same time , product development units rely on EDS to ship samples to markets for clinical trials , deliver highly classified and proprietary legal documents and patent applications , ship urgently needed drugs to hospitals , and maintain “just-in-time” stock-management practices for its laboratories .

　　C . Economic Benefits

　　In many parts of the world , the EDS sector has been a catalyst to trade and investment growth , generating profound multiplier effects for the wider economy . For ASEAN countries looking to extend their reach to global markets , networks that EDS firms build are critical . These networks render supply chains more efficient and contribute greatly to export growth , stimulate foreign direct investment , and foster regional development and SME growth .

　　Facilitating Export Growth

　　In ASEAN , intra-regional trade accounts for about 20 percent of overall trade .This is considerably less than in most regions . The main reasons for the limited intra-regional trade are the “pattern of logistics costs and institutional barriers to land-based trade .”This phenomenon makes countries of the region effectively closer to industrial countries than to each other .To fully realize the benefits the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement AFTA , bringing lagging economies and landlocked countries in the region up to median performance levels is key .

　　There is a causal link between connectivity and overall growth in trade , and an even stronger correlation between transportation and logistics infrastructure and export performance .

　　Transportation and logistics-related costs in ASEAN continue to represent a substantial percentage of the actual costs of goods .A country with high logistics costs is far , in an economic sense , from

　　international markets . In the study “Towards a Geography of Trade Costs ”Hummel 1999 which compared sales by manufacturers of similar products , exporters with 1 percent lower shipping costs enjoy a 5-8 percent higher market share . In another study conducted by the McKinsey Group , annual GDP for one Asian country is forecasted to increase by 1.5 to 2 percent by 2010 if logistics costs are reduced by 15 to 20 percent . This is in contrast to an ongoing $10 billion infrastructure project which would only generate 0.7 to 1 percent GDP growth over the same period . Indeed , injecting competition into the industry to lower logistics costs can give a significant competitive edge to producers in an open economy . Efficient inter-modal transportation , including the use of EDS , would result in more efficient supply chain management .

　　These efficiencies undoubtedly replicate gains in the export sector .

　　A study conducted by the Economic Strategy Institute conducted that further development and liberalization in the air express industry could result in percentages gains for exports per year from 2004-2008 between 0.386-0.562 percent per year for Singapore : 2.895-4.215 percent per year for Malaysia , Thailand , and the Philippines ；and 3.86-5.62 percent per year for Vietnam and Indonesia .

　　Facilitating FDI and Promoting Regional Development

　　EDS firms play a critical role in influencing company decisions on how much and where to invest .

　　This is especially applicable to remote markets where EDS firms assist in overcoming problems of geography and weaker transportation infrastructure . Fifty-eight percent of participating companies in a survey conducted for the report “The Economic Impact of Express Carriers in Europe” Oxford Economic Forecasting , 2004 consider easy access to markets , customers or clients , as “absolutely essential” when deciding where to locate .In the EU , the importance of EDS is compelling without EDS , 35percent of those interviewed for a study in Portugal said they would have to relocate ; 15 percent of the UK and 10 percent of the Italian companies surveyed would consider relocating abroad ; and 30 percent of