雅思移民类阅读真题part2

　　GeneralTraining:Reading(雅思G类）

　　Questions1-13

　　ReadthepassagebelowandanswerQuestions1-13.

　　SectionA

　　Itisestimatedthattheaveragemanorwomanneedsbetween

　　seven-and-a-halfandeighthours'sleepanight.Somecanmanageonalotless.BaronessThatcher,forexample,wasreportedtobeabletogetbyonfourhours'sleepanightwhenshewasPrimeMinisterofBritain.DrJillWilkinson,seniorlecturerinpsychologyatSurreyUniversityandco-authorof‘PsychologyinCounsellingandTherapeuticPractice',statesthathealthyindividualssleepinglessthanfive

　　hoursorevenaslittleastwohoursinevery24hoursarerare,butrepresentasizeableminority.

　　Thelatestbeliefsarethatthemainpurposesofsleeparetoenablethebodytorestandreplenish,allowingtimeforrepairstotakeplaceandfortissuetoberegenerated.Onesupportingpieceofevidenceforthisrest-and-repairtheoryisthatproductionofthegrowthhormonesomatotropin,whichhelpstissuetoregenerate,http://www.wendangwang.comckofsleep,however,cancompromisethe

　　immunesystem,muddlethinking,causedepression,promoteanxietyandencourageirritability.

　　ResearchersinSanDiegodeprivedagroupofmenofsleepbetween3amand7amonjustonenight,andfoundthatlevelsoftheirbodies'naturaldefencesagainstviralinfectionshadfallen

　　significantlywhenmeasuredthefollowingmorning.'Sleepisessentialforourphysicalandemotionalwell-beingandtherearefewaspectsofdailylivingthatarenotdisruptedbythelackofit',saysProfessorWilliamRegelsonofVirginiaUniversity,aspecialistininsomnia.'Becauseitcanseriouslyunderminethefunctioningoftheimmunesystem,sufferersarevulnerabletoinfection.'

　　SectionD

　　Formanypeople,lackofsleepisrarelyamatterofchoice.Somehaveproblemsgettingtosleep,otherswithstayingasleepuntilthemorning.Despitepopularbeliefthatsleepisonelongevent,

　　researchshowsthat,inanaveragenight,therearefivestagesofsleepandfourcycles,duringwhichthesequenceofstagesis

　　repeated.Inthefirstlightphase,theheartrateandbloodpressuregodownandthemusclesrelax.Inthenexttwostages,sleepgetsprogressivelydeeper.Instagefour,usuallyreachedafteranhour,theslumberissodeepthat,ifawoken,thesleeperwouldbeconfusedanddisorientated.Itisinthisphasethatsleep-walkingcanoccur,withanaverageepisodelastingnomorethan15minutes.Inthefifthstage,therapideyemovement(REM)stage,theheartbeatquicklygetsbacktonormallevels,brainactivityacceleratesto

　　daytimeheightsandaboveandtheeyesmoveconstantlybeneathclosedlidsasifthesleeperislookingatsomething.Duringthisstage,thebodyisalmostparalyzed.ThisREMphaseisalsothetimewhenwedream.

　　SectionE

　　Sleepingpatternschangewithage,whichiswhymanypeopleover60developinsomnia.InAmerica,thatagegroupconsumesalmosthalfthesleepmedicationonthemarket.Onetheoryfortheage-relatedchangeisthatitisduetohormonalchanges.Thetemperatureriseoccursatdaybreakintheyoung,butatthreeorfourinthemorningintheelderly.Ageaside,itisestimatedthatroughlyoneinthreepeoplesuffersomekindofsleepdisturbance.Causescanbeanythingfrompregnancyandstresstoalcoholandheartdisease.Smokingisaknownhandicaptosleep,withonesurveyshowingthatex-smokersgottosleepin18minutesratherthantheirearlieraverageof52minutes.

　　SectionF

　　Apartfromself-helptherapysuchasregularexercise,therearepsychologicaltreatments,includingrelaxationtrainingandtherapy

　　aimedatgettingridofpre-sleepworriesandanxieties.Thereisalsosleepreductiontherapy,wheretheaimistoimprovesleepqualitybystrictlyregulatingthetimepeoplegotobedandwhentheygetup.Medicationisregardedbymanyasalastresortandoftentakestheformofsleepingpills,normallybenzodiazepines,whichareminortranquillisers.

　　SectionG

　　professorRegelsonadvocatestheuseofmelatoninfortreatingsleepdisorders.Melatoninisanaturallysecretedhormone,locatedinthepinealglanddeepinsidethebrain.Themainfunctionofthehormoneistocontrolthebody'sbiologicalclock,soweknowwhentosleepandwhentowake.Theglanddetectslightreachingitthroughthe

　　eye;whenthereisnolight,itsecretesthemelatoninintothe

　　bloodstream,loweringthebodytemperatureandhelpingtoinducesleep.Melatoninpillscontainasyntheticversionofthehormoneandarecommonlyusedforjetlagaswellasforsleepdisturbance.John

　　Nicholls,salesmanagerofoneofAmerica'slargesthealthfoodshops,claimsthatsalesofthepillhaveincreaseddramatically.Heexplainsthatitissoldincapsules,tablets,lozengesandmixedwithherbs.Itisnoteffectiveforallinsomniacs,butmanyusershaveweanedthemselvesoffsleepingtabletsasaresultofitsapplication.Questions1-8

　　The

　　WhichpassageonsectionthepreviouspageshassevensectionslabelledA-G.containsthefollowinginformation?

　　WritethecorrectletterA-Ginboxes1-8onyouranswersheet.NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.

　　1

　　2

　　3

　　4

　　5theandifferentamountsintoofsleepthatpeopleofsleepfromrequiredeprivationdisordersproblemsandinvestigationwhytheresultsmaycansomereasonslifestyleaprocess

　　physically

　　claims

　　the

　　thepeoplewhichsuffersleepchangeshelpovercomeustosleep-relatedmentallybywhichhealthyasleephelpsremain678aboutofcommercialisedman-madeproductforsleeplessnessrolephysicalchangesinsleepinghabitsprocessesinvolvedduringsleep

　　Questions9-13

　　Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage?Inboxes9-13onyouranswersheet,write

　　TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

　　FALSENOTGIVEN

　　910111213

　　SleepThe

　　can

　　cure

　　ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationifthereisnoinformationonthis

　　some

　　illnesses.of

　　sleep

　　occur

　　at

　　more

　　than

　　oncestagesstagein

　　aofof

　　night.sleep.sleep.

　　variousstages

　　DreamingSleepersThe

　　andsleep-walkingmove

　　around

　　a

　　lot

　　occursimilarthe

　　REM

　　during

　　bodytemperaturerisesrelativelyearlyelderlypeople.

　　AnswerKey

　　1A2C3E4F5B6G7E8D

　　9NOTGIVEN10TRUE11FALSE12FALSE13TRUE