定语从句

　　He is the boy. The boy laughed at me yesterday.(主语)

　　He is the boy who laughed at me yesterday.

　　He is the boy. I like the boy.（宾语）

　　He is the boy who I like.

　　一、定语从句的概念

　　修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

　　被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句

　　昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。

　　二、定语从句的关系词

　　引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词

　　关系代词: that, which, who,whom,whose，关系副词where, when, why。

　　1关系代词（主语、宾语、定语）放进从句时不用加其他词就可以组成一句完整的话 （当先行词在从句中是主语或宾语，选that、which（物）、who/whom（人）） （当先行词在从句中是定语时，即…….的，选whose（人、物））

　　A 作主语或宾语时（看先行词是人还是物）

　　如果是人选who、whom、that 注：当先行词在句中作主语不能用whom,只能用who/that.当作宾语时三个都可以 如果是物选which/that

　　Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.

　　This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

　　●下列情况下只能用that:

　　1、先行词为all, everything, much, little, few, none, the one等

　　2、先行词为序数词、最高级、the only,、the very等修饰时

　　3、先行词中既有人又有物时

　　4、主句以who, which开头时

　　eg1. Is there anything that I can do for you?

　　2. The first place that they visited is Summer Palace.

　　3. This is the biggest apple that I have ever eaten.

　　4. They are talking about the teachers and subjects that they know well.

　　5. Which is the book that you read just now?

　　B作定语时选whose

　　He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

　　I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in

　　The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

　　2关系副词（状语）放进从句时必须加其他词如in、on、at等介词才可以组成一句完整的话

　　When、where、why

　　(1) when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

　　I will never forget the day when I worked with you.

　　(2) where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

　　This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。

　　(3) why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

　　Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.

　　没人知道他为什么上学总迟到

　　重要考点

　　1 I won’t forget the day we spent together.

　　I want to know the day I born.

　　2 This is the factory I worked two years ago.

　　This is the factory I visited two years ago.

　　3 The reason she gave me is not ture.

　　We don’t know the reason she is late for school.

　　三非限制性定语从句

　　定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。

　　限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整：

　　People who take physical exercise live longer.

　　进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)

　　His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)

　　1翻译不同

　　在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开：

　　He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。

　　I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。

　　2含义不同

　　I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)

　　I have a sister ,who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)

　　3. 先行词不同

　　限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，

　　而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子

　　Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)

　　He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)

　　4 关系词不同

　　关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。 四“介词+关系词”的用法

　　1、 关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用

　　which 或 whom。

　　如：The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

　　→The school in which he once studied is very famous.

　　Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

　　→Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

　　We'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

　　→We'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

　　2、 关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。

　　关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。

　　如： when=in/on/at?+which, where=in/on/at?+which, why=for+which

　　如：I won’t forget the date when( on which) I was born.

　　This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.

　　I don’t know the reason why (for which) he hasn’t come today.

　　Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin.

　　注意：1). 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 如：This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (√)

　　This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

　　2). 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指 物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose 如：

　　The man with whom you talked is my friend. (√)

　　The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

　　The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (√)

　　The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

　　3).“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词 或者数词如：

　　He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

　　In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

　　There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

　　定语从句练习题

　　1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.

　　A. Which B. whereC. what D. in which

　　2.Do you know the man _______?

　　A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke

　　3.This is the hotel _______last month.

　　A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed

　　C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed

　　4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?

　　A. which B. that C. when D. on which

　　5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.

　　A. which B. on which C. in which D. when

　　6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.

　　A. where B. to which C. which D. in which

　　7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.

　　A. where B. that C. which D. there

　　8.This is one of the best films _______.

　　A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown

　　C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked

　　9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?

　　A. about which you talked B. which you talked

　　C. about that you talked D. that you talked

　　10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.

　　A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which

　　11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.

　　A. whom B. who C. which D. that

　　12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.

　　A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom

　　13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?

　　A. who B. who's C. which D. whose

　　14.I'm interested in ______you have said.

　　A. all that B. all what C. that D. which

　　15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.

　　A. which B. who C. whatD. as

　　16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.

　　A. who B. whom C. that D. as

　　17.He is good at English, ______we all know.

　　A. that B. as C. whom D. what

　　18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.

　　A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him

　　19.I don't like ______ as you read.

　　A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels

　　20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.

　　A. which B. that C. whom D. what

　　21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.

　　A. which B. that C. whom D. who

　　22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.

　　A. them B. which C. whom D. who

　　23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.

　　A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who

　　24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.

　　A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that

　　http://www.wendangwang.comst summer we visited the WestLake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.

　　A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what

　　26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.

　　A. that B. which C. as D. it

　　27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

　　A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

　　28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.

　　A. which B. whose C. what D./

　　29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.

　　A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which

　　30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.

　　A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after

　　C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after

　　31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.

　　A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;thatD.for which;what

　　32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.

　　A.that B.which C.for which D.who

　　33.That is not the way ______I do it.

　　A./ B.whichC.for which D.with which

　　34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.

　　A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which

　　35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.

　　A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which

　　36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.

　　A. who B. which C. that D. it

　　37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.

　　A. that B. which C. from that D. from which

　　38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.

　　A. that B. which C. who D. as

　　39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.

　　A. / B. why C. when D. whose

　　40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.

　　A. that B. which C. it D. though

　　41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?

　　--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.

　　A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that

　　42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with

　　the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.

　　A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which

　　43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.

　　A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are

　　44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.

　　A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed

　　45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?

　　A. that B. / C. which D. it

　　46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.

　　A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that

　　47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?

　　A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where

　　48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.

　　A. as B. that C. what D. who

　　49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.

　　A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which

　　50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.

　　A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been

　　参考答案及解析

　　1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。

　　2．C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。

　　3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

　　4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

　　5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。

　　6．C. 解析同第5题。

　　7. A. 解析见第3题。

　　8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。

　　9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。

　　10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.

　　11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.

　　12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.

　　13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.

　　14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.

　　15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.

　　16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.

　　17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.

　　18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.

　　19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.

　　20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.

　　21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.

　　22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.

　　23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.

　　24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which

　　25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for 以……..而闻名.

　　26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.

　　27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.

　　28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。

　　29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.

　　30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.

　　31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为”的含义。

　　32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.

　　33. A. 解释见28题.

　　34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.

　　35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.

　　36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.

　　37. D.

　　38. D. 解析见35题.

　　39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.

　　40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.

　　41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.

　　42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.

　　43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。

　　44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。

　　45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。

　　46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。

　　47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。

　　48. A. 解释见35题。

　　49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。

　　50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。