格拉米格那的情人Word

　　Gramigna's LoverGionvanni Verga张琦 王珅辉

　　Content

　　Ⅰ Author Introduction Ⅱ The Work Ⅲ Text Analysis Ⅳ Subject and Theme Ⅴ Glossary Ⅵ Language Difficulties

　　Author IntroductionName: Gionvanni Verga

　　Year: 2nd September 1840 – 27th January 1922School: Italian realist writer

　　Author IntroductionLife and Career: Verga was born into a prosperous family of Catania in Sicily. He began writing in his teens, producing the largely unpublished historical novels. 1856-1863: Early Writing Period (Catania) 1864-1871: Rising Period (Florence) 1872-1893: Peak (Milan) 1894-1922: Later Period (Catania)

　　His WorksPeak:Eva 夏娃 Nedda 奈达(First realistic novel) Royal tiger 真老虎 I Malavoglia 马拉沃利亚一家 Mastro-don Gesualdo 乡村骑士

　　Author Introduction Subject: Early Writing Period: National rejunenation and patriotism Rising Period: Romantic love story Peak: Realism

　　Author Introduction

　　Style: Verga used the French naturalistic litrary works as a mode of creation, he viewd novel as an ideal literary form to investigate the society and expose social evils. He stressed that author must reflect social reality objectively, just as he said in this story: The novel will have the effect of real happening, and the work of art will seem to have made itself,to have matured and come forth spontaneously like a natural event, without preserving any point of contact with its author.

　　Author IntroductionVerga was a pioneer of realisitc literature. His writing language has the feature of Sicilian dialect, and it can better highlight character's personality and novel's environment. He moved to Milan in 1872, where he developed his new approach, characterized by the use of dialogue to develop character, which resulted in his most significant works.

　　Subject and Theme

　　2. 女孩佩帕追求着一种近乎原始冲动的爱情，追 寻着内心深处类似天启般的爱情召唤，完全抛弃了世 俗生活的舒适和富足，抛弃传统的价值观念和行为准 则，去追随一个背离社会伦理的逃犯。这种不可理喻 的盲目悲剧式的爱情选择，最终是使得她得到了一种 完全有别于其他多数人平淡人生的另外一种冒险人生， 但也得到了更多的苦难和屈辱，以及世人的鄙夷和误 解。放在更广阔的社会背景中考察，佩帕这个角色的 悲剧意义在

　　于她揭示和反映了资本主义世界中个体与 社会的尖锐冲突和矛盾。

　　Subject and Theme

　　佩帕放弃“美满的婚姻”,而只为和 格拉米格纳待在一起，这也预示了她对传统庸 俗价值的摈弃，对美好生活的向往。只是在资 本主义统治的既定价值体系下，他们的这种叛 逆爱情和不被认可的自由注定会遭到鄙视和误 解，这也是作为格拉米格纳的情人的悲剧之根 源所在，非个体力量所能改变的社会现实。

　　Subject and Theme

　　3. 维尔加所希望给他的读者的，是一个更为广阔 的想象的空间，一个读者可以随意构建随意创作的空 间，这份空白就是维尔加在创作过程中玩弄技巧故意 丢弃的过程部分。 那么我们只能相信，大胆地来揣测维尔加的 观点的话，真正的小说是无主题的，不该有完美无缺 的技巧性的情节来束缚读者的思考，应该给读者一个 相信小说真实性基础上的，一种感动的激情地再创作。

　　Glossary

　　Raison d'etre 存在 Stable n. 马棚,牛棚 adj. 稳定的,持久的 All-fours n. (动物的) 四肢 run on all-fours 爬， 匍匐 Handsome adj. (女子) 端庄健美的, (男子) 英俊 帅气的 Bay adj.(马等)栗色的 n. 海湾 Saint Margaret 圣玛嘉烈(Saint Margaret), 基督教圣人，传说中的处女以及烈女，天主教 和英国国教将7月20日定为她的纪念节日。

　　Glossary

　　的丑角滑稽人物) Ave Maria 万福玛利亚(以“万福马利亚” 开头的祷词，罗马天主教堂祈祷文中的 第一句话)

　　Fast n.绝食,斋戒 adj,adv 快速的(地) Punch-and-Judy 潘趣与朱迪(木偶剧中

　　Language Difficulty

　　The mysterious process by which the passions knot themselves together, interweave, ripen, develop in their own way underground, in their own tortuous windings that often seem contradictory, this will still constitute for a long time to come the attractive power of the psychological phenomenon which we call the theme of a story, and which modern analysis seeks to follow with scientific exactitude.

　　Language Difficulty

　　种种激情交织在一起，以 它们隐蔽、曲折，有时又似乎是互 相抵触的方式融合、成熟、发展。 这个神秘的过程在未来很长时期内 还会构成一种心理现象的诱惑力， 而这种心理现象正是现代科学分析 试图极为精确地注意着的，我们则 称之为小说的主题。

　　Language Difficulty

　　We are willing to sacrifice the grand effect of the catastrophe, or of the psychological crisis, which was visioned forth with almost divine intuition by the great artists of the past, to the logical development, and hence we are necessarily less startling, less dramatic, but not less fatal.

　　Language Difficulty

　　我们情愿牺牲过去的艺术 大师们凭着几乎是超人的直觉构思 出来的悲剧性结局与心

　　理危机的巨 大效果。这样，我们就必然没有过 去那么惊人，那么具有戏剧性，虽 然也同样是劫数难逃的。

　　Language Difficulty

　　The science of the human heart, which will be the fruit of the new art, will it not develop to such a degree and to such an extent all the resources of the imagination that the novels and stories of the future will merely record the various facts of the case?

　　Language Difficulty

　　难道人类心灵的科学，这 门新的艺术的硕果，就不能把想象 力的种种源泉开发到这样的深度和 广度，使得未来的小说和故事仅仅 成为这种现象的各个不同事实的记 载吗？

　　Thank you!