专四语法及练习情态动词_倒装句和反意疑问句答案Word

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　　专四语法及练习情态动词和倒装句

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　　一.情态动词 注意情态动词完成式的用法有两方面的含义： 1.表示已经发生的情况 (1)must have +过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测， 译为“(昨天)一定……”。如： My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?” (2)can’t/couldn’t have +过去分词，表示对已发生情况的 否定推测，译为“(昨天)一定没……”。 如： Mary couldn’t have received my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. (3)may/might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不 肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为 “也许……”。如：At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.

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　　2.表示虚拟语气 (1)needn’t have+过去分词，表示做了不必做的事， 译为“其实没必要……”。如： As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn’t have dressed up so formally. (2)should /should not have +过去分词，表示应 该做某事但实际上未做，或本不应该做但实际上 做了, 译为“本(不)应该……”。如：I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully. (3)ought to have+过去分词，表示动作按理该发 生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”,与 should的完成式含义类似。如： The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.

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　　(4)could have+过去分词，表示过去本来可 以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。如： What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully. (5)may/might have + 过去分词，表示过去 可以做但实际未做，译为“(那样)也许 会……”。如： It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist firsttime office automation managers.

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　　3.几个情态动词常考的句型 (1)may/might (just) as well“不妨，最好”,与had better 相近。如： Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train. (2)cannot/can’t…too… “越……越好，怎么也不过分”。 注意这个句型的变体cannot…over…。如： You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be overemphasized. (3)usedn’t或didn’t use to为used to (do)的否定式。

　　(4)should 除了“应该”一层意思外，大纲还规定要掌握 其“竟然”的意思。如

　　: I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that.

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　　二， 倒装结构 1. 倒装测试范围和应对策略 倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装。谓语部 分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装，谓 语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装， 谓语中的一部分通常是指：1、系动词；2、 助动词；3、情态动词。但从近几年的测试 来看，重点是部分倒装。对于倒装句型同 学们所应注意的就是在哪些情况下需要倒 装，并且如何倒装。注意下面常见的倒装 条件。

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　　全部倒装的七条原则： 1. There be句型(表示有); 2. 以There或now, then开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为 come或go; There you go again. 你又去那里了。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. 3. 以Here开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为系动词be; Here you are. 拿去。 Here is your letter. 如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装

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　　4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子； Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意: 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名 词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如： Here he comes. Away they went. 5. 以状语(常见的是地点状语)开头的句子。 Under the tree sat an old man. On the hay lay a wounded boy of not more than seventeen.

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　　6. 现在分词和过去分词可提至句首构成分词+ be + 主语+其它+的倒装句式。如： Enclosed in the letter was a photo of a beautiful girl. Glooming in the test tube on the table was the mysterious something which they had been working so hard to find, radium. 7. so/such…. that句型中，so + 形容词/副词提前， 主谓倒装。如： So boring was the speech that the audience all left halfway. Such a noise did they make that the neighbors could not go to sleep at night.