2015教资笔试辅导：高中英语阅读课（I）课型教学探索

　　中小学教师职业道德规范教师招聘考试试题及答案 《普通高中英语课程标准》(实验)(以下简称《高中英语标准》)开宗明义地指出：高中英语课程的总目标是使学生在义务教育阶段英语学习的基础上，进一步发展综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整合发展的基础上。毫无疑问，这一规定应该成为每位英语教师设计教学目标的依据。

　　但事实上，如何在新形势下，通过有效的阅读教学来发展学生的综合语言运用能力呢?我对高中英语阅读课(Reading one)教学进行了一些总结和探索，呈现在下文中。

　　一、高中英语阅读课教学设计的理论依据和总体思路

　　新高一英语阅读课教学设计总体思路应以《高中英语标准》中规定的高中英语课程的总目标为依据，即：在重点发展学生阅读技能时，还要兼顾听说及写的技能的发展;在教给学生知识的同时，还要关注学生情感态度的发展、学习策略的培养及人文素养的提高。具体要求就是，首先，教师要改变过去以传授知识为主的教学方式，而实施以学生主动参与为主的任务驱动型(Task-based activity)学习方式。其实，这也是新课程标准中的应有之义。叶圣陶先生说：教是为了不教。面对21世纪对人才的需求，授人以渔已成为师者的最高教育境界。其次，教师必须利用现代心理学的知识来控制学生的情感,通过课堂教学来激发学生的学习兴趣，并引导学生将兴趣转化为稳定的学习动机，帮助他们树立较强的自信心，形成和谐与健康向上的品格。再次，教师要充分利用现代多媒体教学手段，通过创设真实的教学情境，为学生提供生动、丰富的学习材料，让其在生动的应用活动中理解所学的知识并解决实际问题。同时促进语言知识、交际技能与情感体验的衔接。

　　在阅读教学中，近几年出现了应用研究型、合作探究型、任务型、多边式等教学方法，无论哪种方法，在阅读课教学中，几个重要的步骤都是必不可少的。在教学过程中，教师应该重视阅读过程，把阅读分为阅读前、阅读中和阅读后三个阶段。阅读课(I)的教学模式为精心导入，激发兴趣;策略指导，积极参与;创设情景，灵活运用。

　　二、高中英语阅读课(Reading one)的操作程序

　　1.精心设计导入，激发阅读兴趣

　　这是阅读课的初级阶段。精心设计导入是上好阅读课的前提。设计导入活动时，教师要从阅读材料的内容入手，特别关注学生的兴趣。导入的原则有(1)针对性原则：必须依据教学内容、目标及学生实际情况来进行针对性的设计。(2)趣味性原则：激发学生的学习热情。(3)启发性原则：启迪学生思维，引起学生思考。(4)多样性原则：形式多变，富于变化。(5)简洁性原则：3~5分钟内常用方法有(1)开门见山法(2)温故知新法(3)直观演示法(4)设疑探究法(5)游戏导入法。

　　2.适时策略指导，引导学生参与

　　这是阅读课的核心阶段。教师合理安排教学步骤，指导学生使用阅读策略，有层次地理解阅读材料，吸引学生积极参与，为使用语言做好准备。导入后，指导学生使用跳读策略，整体感知阅读材料。常用的方式有快速阅读(即略读)全文，把握文章主旨;听课文录音，将段落序号与段意归纳连线，或者对文章重点部分进行听力填空。

　　整体呈现后，引导学生使用扫读策略，完成对表层意义的理解。常用的方式有判断正误、回答问题、做单选选择、填表格等。

　　初步理解阅读材料后，指导学生朗读课文，熟悉和理解课文内容。这样，不但可以帮助学生更加深刻地理解文中单词和句子的含义，还有利于培养学生的语感，提高学生连贯表达的能力。

　　学生朗读后，提出更深层次的理解类的问题，引发学生的思考，可以升华对文章所表达的主旨以及精神的理解。这也是阅读课的亮点和关键点。它体现教师能否极大地调动学生的积极性，活跃课堂气氛，把课堂推向高潮，让学生把课堂当作是一个展示自我的舞台，把所学知识运用自如。

　　3.巧妙创设情景，灵活运用语言

　　巧妙创设情景，灵活运用语言，这是阅读课的高级阶段。帮助学生熟悉新语言项目的书面表达和口头形式的练习，结合视觉、听觉和口头表达，使学生初步形成新的语言习惯，是围绕阅读材料巩固知识的环节，以及让学生通过活动进行知识的内化、迁移，从而掌握英语知识的技能，陶冶情操，拓宽视野，丰富生活经历，发展思维能力，提高语言实际运用能力。同时，还可以检测前两个阶段的教学效果，了解学生对阅读材料的理解程度。具体可以采取以下几种方式：(1)基于课文的采访问答(2)角色扮演(3)海报和广告设计(4)故事续尾(5)调查访问(6)辩论(7)拓展讨论

　　三、教学策略与技巧

　　首先，导入的方式要多样性。教师要根据教学内容和过程的需要不断变换方式，让学生感到惊喜，从而降低阅读文章的难度。导入时，其出发点和落脚点都应该尽量贴近学生的生活实际和社会热点。教师应该增添学生感兴趣的内容，调动学生的积极性和参与意识，体现学生的主体性。其次，教师的讲解要简练。在阅读课中，知识点和语法的讲解要尽量简练，因为阅读课的目的主要是培养学生的阅读技能，过多的涉及语法知识点的讲解会冲淡主题，只有当语法难而影响了学生的理解时，教师可以加以解释。总之，在这个环节中，要注意老师其指导作用，真正的主体是学生。要多让学生去想、去说、去讨论、去动手、去钻研。再次，要求要讲清楚。在设计情境让学生灵活运用语言前，教师一定要把练习与活动的要求讲清楚，以便学生顺利完成任务。

　　根据这些理论，我设计了一篇教案如下。

　　课文内容：

　　Highlights of My Senior Year

　　by Joanna Sykes

　　I can hardly believe it, but my school life is almost over. Prom night has come and gone, and Ive received my high school diploma at last. Its a good thing that the exams are finished. I feel too excited to think clearly! It seems strange to think that in a few days time Ill be walking out of the school gates forever. The first thing Im going to do is to take a long vacation!

　　Meanwhile, I find myself looking back at my senior year, and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened. Ive decided to write them down so that one day, years from now, when I reread them, the memories will come back.

　　Theres so much to remember. One of the best things about this year has been working as an arts editor for this newspaper. Ive so enjoyed it! I love writing, and working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist, so this has been a real success for me.

　　Something else Ive greatly enjoyed is working as a peermediator, someone who helps students to settle problems that they have with other students. At the start of the school year, we were given training in how to do this, and its clear that this kind of work can really help people. I think Ill continue to work as a mediator when I go to college.

　　During the Easter vacation, I went on a short school skiing trip to the Rocky Mountains. Ive been skiing quite a few times, but never with the school, and since two good friends came on the trip, we had great fun racing each other down the ski slopes. Its well-known that Americans are competitive, and I did enjoy it whenever I won our races!

　　Other things Im pleased aboutgetting good grades on my final exams, and receiving the senior prize for English Literature. I was given a car by my parents so Ive been able to drive to school, which is brilliant. And of course, Ill never forget being elected to the student council. I really enjoyed meeting the teachers and telling them how we, the students, feel about things, and what we think should happen in the school!

　　All these things have been wonderful. But I have to say, the highlight of the year was the senior prom. For an American girl, its so important that you have a good time at the prom. Well, I did! Daniel, a boy in my English class, asked me to go to the prom with him, and I was so pleasedId been hoping he would ask me. I found a dress that suited me perfectly, and had my hair specially done on the day of the prom. It took two hours but it was worth it, as everyone told me I looked very elegant! A group of us rented a nice car to take us to the prom. The food was delicious and I ate so much that I had to stop dancing for a while! We shared a table with some good friends, and laughed and told jokes all evening. Its a great pity that its probably the last time this will happen.

　　Daniel and I danced most of the dances together. But the big surprise of the evening was when I was electedprom queen! This was so unexpected, and I cant tell you how good this made me feel! After the prom, a group of us drove down to the coast, and sat on the beach in our long dresses and dinner jackets. I shall never forget watching the sunrise over the seait was unforgettable! Afterwards, we went and had an enormous breakfast in a nearby hotelit was a perfect ending to a perfect school year.