2015职称英语综合类B级真题(阅读理解)

2015职称英语综合类B级真题(阅读理解)

2015职称英语综合类B级真题(阅读理解) 第4部分 阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?

When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it

increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.

Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(树冠)of taller

indigenous(土生土长的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.

Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases

local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.

Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the

ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the

2015职称英语综合类B级真题(阅读理解)

coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.

Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.

31.What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.

B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.

C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.

D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.

32.The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____.

A. the positive effects of coffee.

B. a change of coffee growth.

C. something that is the most important.

2015职称英语综合类B级真题(阅读理解)

D. how coffee production used to be.

33.What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?

A. More insects.

B. Better quality coffee.

C. Larger farms.

D. Higher profits.

34.How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?

A. They buy more land from other farmers.

B. They cut down trees.

C. They move to another country.

D. They turn grassland into farmland.

35.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sun

A. insects.

B. air.

C. birds

2015职称英语综合类B级真题(阅读理解)

D. humans

第二篇 Washoe Learned American Sign Language

An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use

American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to

understand language.

Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign

language in 1966.In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like," Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread,

many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.

However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language

movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates

2015职称英语综合类B级真题(阅读理解)

learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardeners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.

Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoer provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.

Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence

36. The Gardeners’ experiment with Washoe_____.

A. began in 1969

B. won a big prize

C. lasted three years

D. influenced primate research

37. The second paragraph mainly discusses_____.

A. a report about Washoe’s progress in learning sign language