语境对语义的作用探析
上传者:胡增加|上传时间:2015-04-29|密次下载
语境对语义的作用探析
语言学基础论文
语境对语义的作用探析
The Roles of Context in Linguistic
Meanings
The Roles of Context in Linguistic Meanings
Abstract
The role of context in the interpretation of a linguistic unit has long been considered, even if from different perspectives: from the view that regards context as an extra linguistic feature, to the position that meaning is only meaning in use and therefore, pragmatics and semantics are inseparable. Still, context, both linguistic and situational, is often considered as an a posteriori factor in linguistic analysis. However, when language is studied in use, context always comes first, directing the process of meaning construction from the very beginning.
Key words: Context, meaning construction, lexical meaning, pragmatics, cognitive semantics
摘要
即使从不同角度讲,语境对语言历来也是被认为非常重要的。作为一种语言以外的功能,在观念上认为,意义是唯一的意义。因此在使用中,语用和语义是分不开的。尽管如此,语言学的分析中,语境、语言学和情境性,往往被视为推溯的因素。然而,当语言使用时,语境总是第一位的,直接决定意义的构建。
关键词:背景,意义构建,词义,语用,认知语义
1 Introduction
In linguistics, semantic analysis is the process of relating syntactic structures, from the levels of phrases, clauses, sentences and paragraphs to the level of the writing as a whole, to their language-independent meanings, removing features specific to particular linguistic and cultural contexts, to the extent that such a project is possible. The elements of idiom and figurative speech, being cultural, must also be converted into relatively invariant meanings.
This paper is about context, particularly about the way in which context not only affects but directs construction meaning. From a Cognitive Linguistics approach, context is not some extra information we turn to when bare semantics is not enough. On the contrary, in real uses, context always comes first, that is, before the linguistics unit can be interpreted there is a big amount of information available to participants that direct the process of meaning construction and determine which sense, from all the possible ones, must be selected.
2 The scope of context in linguistics
Context is not a new object of study in linguistics. It has long been considered an essential factor for the interpretation of linguistic expression. As early as the 1930s, Firth had started to work on linguistic corpora, and already pointed out that “The complete meaning of a word is always contextual, and no study of meaning apart from a complete context can be taken seriously(firth 1935:37). But it was around the 1970s that context became the focus of most linguistic trends.”
Among the several contributions from this tine, there was Bransford and Johnson?s claims that the understanding of a sentence does not only
depend on our knowledge of the language, but also on our knowledge of the world. Fillnore?s theory of frames and Schank and Abelsoon?s scripts tried to introduce context and participants? knowledge of the world in the meaning of a linguistic unit.
3 Context in cognitive linguistics
It is a major claim in Cognitive Linguistics that words do not contain meanings. Instead, we use words as mere instructions to construct the meaning of a linguistic expression. Therefore, meaning is not compositional, so the meaning of an utterance cannot be reduced to the addition of the meaning of its parts, either words or morphemes.
Cognitive Linguistics does not separate linguistic from encyclopaedic knowledge, or even semantics from pragmatics. Instead, most of what is said about meaning in Cognitive Linguistics incorporates aspects that are often regarded as extra linguistic in other approaches.
4 Semantics of Architecture
What about the semantics of architecture now? I shall outline two approaches to the semantics of architecture which, to make it easier, could be related to the terms ?meaning? and ?context?. The terms correspond to the distinction between the classical and pragmatically (contextually) oriented semantics of verbal language.
4.1 Principal architectural expression
The first approach is concerned with the building as principal architectural expression, other expressions being defined via their roles in the determination of the meaning of building. The role of the building in the semantics of architecture is isomorphic to the role of the sentence in
the semantics of verbal language.
4.2 Contextual approach
In the second, contextual approach – as the term itself shows – the architectural meaning is understood as context-dependent, the term ?context? being understood not only as a spatial context of a greater architectural expression, but more widely.
4.3 Correlation
In the semantics of verbal language what an element is, is determined conventionally and to linguistic expressions correspond ontological elements that are defined on the basis of linguistic classifications. The correlation of ontological and verbal structure is ensured by the concept of truth value and the related concept of the semantic role of linguistic expressions.
5 Conclusions
When it comes to the study of a real language event, any account of the meaning construction of a linguistic unit isolated from a real context can only be hypothetical and will necessarily be forced to consider a number of different possibilities where context is the only answer to decide which is the most appropriate.
All we need to understand architecture can be seen in architecture itself, but to understand it there must be some prior process of learning. The criterion of understanding is what we say, how we speak of architecture and how we act on it, but the architectural meaning itself is not translatable into words.
下载文档
热门试卷
- 2016年四川省内江市中考化学试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
- 浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高一上学期期中考试政治试卷
- 浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高二上学期期中考试政治试卷
- 辽宁省铁岭市协作体2017届高三上学期第三次联考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
- 山东省滨州市三校2017届第一学期阶段测试初三英语试题
- 四川省成都七中2017届高三一诊模拟考试文科综合试卷
- 2017届普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试题(附答案)
- 重庆市永川中学高2017级上期12月月考语文试题
- 江西宜春三中2017届高三第一学期第二次月考文科综合试题
- 内蒙古赤峰二中2017届高三上学期第三次月考英语试题
- 2017年六年级(上)数学期末考试卷
- 2017人教版小学英语三年级上期末笔试题
- 江苏省常州西藏民族中学2016-2017学年九年级思想品德第一学期第二次阶段测试试卷
- 重庆市九龙坡区七校2016-2017学年上期八年级素质测查(二)语文学科试题卷
- 江苏省无锡市钱桥中学2016年12月八年级语文阶段性测试卷
- 江苏省无锡市钱桥中学2016-2017学年七年级英语12月阶段检测试卷
- 山东省邹城市第八中学2016-2017学年八年级12月物理第4章试题(无答案)
- 【人教版】河北省2015-2016学年度九年级上期末语文试题卷(附答案)
- 四川省简阳市阳安中学2016年12月高二月考英语试卷
- 四川省成都龙泉中学高三上学期2016年12月月考试题文科综合能力测试
- 安徽省滁州中学2016—2017学年度第一学期12月月考高三英语试卷
- 山东省武城县第二中学2016.12高一年级上学期第二次月考历史试题(必修一第四、五单元)
- 福建省四地六校联考2016-2017学年上学期第三次月考高三化学试卷
- 甘肃省武威第二十三中学2016—2017学年度八年级第一学期12月月考生物试卷
网友关注
- 13 线粒体疾病Word
- 基于84消毒液为底物的卤水溶液制备方法探究_戴兴德
- 勃列日涅夫时期苏联引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应的尝试
- N12医用物理A卷
- 精兵生活Ⅱ:第九课Word
- 政治生态对欧洲社会民主观的影响及其趋势
- 8月思想汇报:庆祝建军八十四周年
- 阿里巴巴路演Word(中文版)
- 统计学 第2章 数据收集Word
- 学前儿童教师Word
- 中级审计师第八章 审计抽样
- 怎样理解葛兰西的实践哲学
- 音标教学课件(巧记国际音标)Word
- 青海省2017年注册会计师考试《税法》:营业税政策模拟试题答案
- 谢林哲学思想基本内容及其评价
- 中级审计师第二部分第二章 采购与付款循环审计
- 人教版小学三年级数学上册期中试卷答案
- N14级大学物理(1)B卷
- 业务员培训关键词Word
- ASP技术ASPTechnique毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
- 2017年“红红火火过大年”元旦春节文体活动工作方案
- 电视节目策划(第四讲)Word
- 中级审计师第二部分第七章 财务报告审计
- 青海省2017年资产评估师《财务会计》章节:固定资产折旧试题答案
- 20年同学聚会致辞
- 2017年元旦旅游工作情况汇报
- 多媒体国内外城市地下空间20110528Word
- 青海省2017年注册资产评估师《经济法》:动产交付模拟试题答案
- AnOverviewOfExpressDeliveryServices快递服务业概述大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
- 谐音对联
网友关注视频
- 《小学数学二年级下册》第二单元测试题讲解
- 【获奖】科粤版初三九年级化学下册第七章7.3浓稀的表示
- 北师大版八年级物理下册 第六章 常见的光学仪器(二)探究凸透镜成像的规律
- 七年级下册外研版英语M8U2reading
- 外研版英语七年级下册module3 unit1第二课时
- 苏科版数学 八年级下册 第八章第二节 可能性的大小
- 苏教版二年级下册数学《认识东、南、西、北》
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册1
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册第二单元《租船问题》
- 第五单元 民族艺术的瑰宝_15. 多姿多彩的民族服饰_第二课时(市一等奖)(岭南版六年级上册)_T129830
- 北师大版小学数学四年级下册第15课小数乘小数一
- 《空中课堂》二年级下册 数学第一单元第1课时
- 七年级英语下册 上海牛津版 Unit5
- 沪教版牛津小学英语(深圳用) 四年级下册 Unit 2
- 【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《逢入京使》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,安徽省
- 二年级下册数学第三课 搭一搭⚖⚖
- 3.2 数学二年级下册第二单元 表内除法(一)整理和复习 李菲菲
- 30.3 由不共线三点的坐标确定二次函数_第一课时(市一等奖)(冀教版九年级下册)_T144342
- 小学英语单词
- 沪教版牛津小学英语(深圳用) 六年级下册 Unit 7
- 冀教版小学数学二年级下册第二周第2课时《我们的测量》宝丰街小学庞志荣
- 飞翔英语—冀教版(三起)英语三年级下册Lesson 2 Cats and Dogs
- 外研版英语三起5年级下册(14版)Module3 Unit1
- 【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《老山界》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,安徽省
- 苏科版八年级数学下册7.2《统计图的选用》
- 七年级英语下册 上海牛津版 Unit3
- 【部编】人教版语文七年级下册《老山界》优质课教学视频+PPT课件+教案,安徽省
- 人教版二年级下册数学
- 北师大版数学 四年级下册 第三单元 第二节 小数点搬家
- 沪教版牛津小学英语(深圳用)五年级下册 Unit 1
精品推荐
- 2016-2017学年高一语文人教版必修一+模块学业水平检测试题(含答案)
- 广西钦州市高新区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
- 浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高一上学期期中考试政治试卷
- 浙江省湖州市2016-2017学年高二上学期期中考试政治试卷
- 辽宁省铁岭市协作体2017届高三上学期第三次联考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2017届高三11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市钦州港区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高二11月月考政治试卷
- 广西钦州市高新区2016-2017学年高一11月月考政治试卷
分类导航
- 互联网
- 电脑基础知识
- 计算机软件及应用
- 计算机硬件及网络
- 计算机应用/办公自动化
- .NET
- 数据结构与算法
- Java
- SEO
- C/C++资料
- linux/Unix相关
- 手机开发
- UML理论/建模
- 并行计算/云计算
- 嵌入式开发
- windows相关
- 软件工程
- 管理信息系统
- 开发文档
- 图形图像
- 网络与通信
- 网络信息安全
- 电子支付
- Labview
- matlab
- 网络资源
- Python
- Delphi/Perl
- 评测
- Flash/Flex
- CSS/Script
- 计算机原理
- PHP资料
- 数据挖掘与模式识别
- Web服务
- 数据库
- Visual Basic
- 电子商务
- 服务器
- 搜索引擎优化
- 存储
- 架构
- 行业软件
- 人工智能
- 计算机辅助设计
- 多媒体
- 软件测试
- 计算机硬件与维护
- 网站策划/UE
- 网页设计/UI
- 网吧管理