【精品】翻译参考答案及评分标准4

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“翻译”参考答案及评分标准 (A 卷)
I. Explain the following terms in English. (15%)
（评分标准：每题3 分，共15 分）
1. Yanfu’s translation criteria: Faithfulness, Expressiveness and Elegance (信、达、雅)
“Faithfulness” means the full and complete conveying of the original content of thought.
“Expressiveness” demands that the version should be clear and flowing without any
grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense.
“Elegance” refers to the use of classical Chinese before the Han Dynasty.
In summary, the first two words as translation criteria are acceptable. The original meaning
of “Elegance” is unacceptable for today, but we can give it new sense -----elegant style in
translation.
2. Foreignization: If the translator’s preference is placed on preserving the language and
cultural differences of the Source Text, we call this kind of approaches or its translation
foreignizing or foreignization.
3. Literal Translation means word-for-word translation. It takes sentences as its basic units
and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. It
strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the entire literary work
and retain as much as possible the figures of speech.
4. Conversion: It means that in translation a word in one language belonging to a certain
part of speech is not necessarily to be turned into one of the same part of speech in
another language.
5. Negation: It means in translation some words, phrases or sentences with negative
expression in SL may be transformed into affirmative expression in TL. Vice versa,
some affirmative expression in SL may be transformed into negative expression in TL,
to make the version clearer and more explicit.
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (20%)
（评分标准：每题2 分，共20 分）
1. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个零件都有国家的标志。
2. 由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通
讯工具不足而变得更加严重。
3. 在美国政治竞选中获胜的候选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。
4. 数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促使他们
奋起采取坚决的措施创造新的生活条件。
5. 但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。
6. 从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景 。
7. 他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。
8. 在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有
吃饭了。
9. 我不敢贸然接近她，也不敢贸然跟她通信，因为我一方面深知她的处境十分危险，
一方面又深怕这样做会增加她的危险。
10. 他们鼓励他做进一步的调查。

III. Translate the following passage into Chinese. (30%)
（评分标准：每句3 分，共30 分）