论文

基于单片机的脉搏测量仪设计

基于单片机的脉搏测量仪设计

目 录

摘要 .............................................................................................................................. I Abstract ....................................................................................................................... II 引言 ............................................................................................................................. 1

第一章 概述 ............................................................................................................. 2

1.1 选题的背景和意义 ........................................................................................... 2

1.2 脉搏测量仪的发展与应用 ............................................................................... 3

第二章 总体方案的论证与设计........................................................................ 5

2.1主控模块的选型和论证 .................................................................................... 5

2.2显示模块的选型和论证 .................................................................................... 5

2.3传感器的选型和论证 ........................................................................................ 5

2.4系统整体设计概述 ............................................................................................ 6

第三章 系统硬件电路设计 ................................................................................. 7

3.1主控模块 ............................................................................................................ 7

3.1.1 STC89C52单片机主要特性 .......................................................................... 7

3.1.2 STC89C52单片机的中断系统 .................................................................... 11

3.1.3单片机最小系统设计 ................................................................................... 11

3.2 LCD液晶显示器简介 ..................................................................................... 12

3.2.1液晶原理介绍 ............................................................................................... 12

3.2.2液晶模块简介 ............................................................................................... 12

3.2.3液晶显示部分与STC89C52的接口 ........................................................... 13

3.3信号采集电路设计 .......................................................................................... 14

3.3.1传感器简介 ................................................................................................... 14

基于单片机的脉搏测量仪设计

3.3.2滤波电路 ....................................................................................................... 15

3.3.3放大整形电路 ............................................................................................... 15

第四章 系统软件设计 ........................................................................................ 16

4.1系统软件总体设计 .......................................................................................... 16

4.2程序设计原理 .................................................................................................. 17

第五章 系统调试.................................................................................................. 19

5.1软件调试 .......................................................................................................... 19

5.2硬件调试 .......................................................................................................... 19

5.3调试结果 .......................................................................................................... 20

5.4误差分析 .......................................................................................................... 20 结论 ........................................................................................................................... 22 致谢 ........................................................................................................................... 23 参考文献 .................................................................................................................. 24 附录 ........................................................................................................................... 25

基于单片机的脉搏测量仪设计

基于单片机的脉搏测量仪设计

摘要： 脉搏测量仪在我们的日常生活中已经得到了非常广泛的应用,通过观测脉搏信号，可以对人体的健康进行检查，通常被用于保健中心和医院。为了提高脉搏测量仪的简便性和精确度，本课题设计了一种基于51单片机的脉搏测量仪。系统以STC89C52单片机为核心，以光电传感器利用单片机系统内部定时器来计算时间，由光电传感器感应产生信号，单片机通过对信号累加得到脉搏跳动次数，时间由定时器定时而得。系统运行中可以通过观察指示灯闪烁，若均匀闪烁说明测量值准确。系统停止运行时，能够显示总的脉搏次数和时间。经测试，系统工作正常，达到设计要求。

本设计利用红外光电传感器产生脉冲信号，经过放大整形后，输入单片机内进行相应的控制，从而测量出一分钟内的脉搏跳动次数，快捷方便。系统可以供用户测量当时的脉搏次数，同时还可以设定上限次数和下限次数，当测量的范围超过设定的范围则驱动蜂鸣器报警提醒，除此外用户还可以设定每天闹钟提醒测量，时间可以自行设定，结果最终可以把采集到的脉搏信号显示在LCD1602上。 关键词：STC89C52；脉搏测量仪；LCD显示器；光电传感器

I

基于单片机的脉搏测量仪设计

Design of pulse measuring instrument based on single chip Abstract：Pulse measurement apparatus has been widely used in our daily life. In order to improve the measurement apparatus is simple and accuracy, this paper designs a pulse measuring instrument based on 51 single chip microcomputer. System to STC89C52 microcontroller as the core, with photoelectric sensor, and calculates the internal timer SCM system, the signal from the photoelectric sensor, microcontroller based on the accumulated pulse beat frequency signal, by the time the timer. In the running of the system can be observed through the indicator lights out, if even flicker that accurate measuring value. The system stops running, can display the total pulse number and time. After testing, the system works normally, meet the design requirements.

The design of the infrared photoelectric sensor generates a pulse signal, after plastic surgery to enlarge, the input of SCM within the corresponding control, which measured within a minute of the pulse beat frequency, fast and convenient. Through observing the pulse signal, can check the health of the body, usually used for health centres and hospitals. The system can be used for measuring the pulse number of users, but also can set the upper limit of the number of times and, when the range of the measurement range over the set of drive buzzer alarm, but users can also set the alarm clock to remind the daily measurement, time can be set, the results were finally able to pulse signal acquisition to display on the LCD1602.occurring.

Keywords：STC89C52; photosensor; LCD display; Pulse measuring instrument

II

基于单片机的脉搏测量仪设计

引 言

脉搏测量在有脉搏时遮挡光线，无脉搏时透光强，所采用的传感器是红外接收二极管和红外发射二极管。通过观测脉搏信号，可以对人体的健康进行检查，通常被用于保健中心和医院。系统可以供用户测量当时的脉搏次数，同时还可以设定上限次数和下限次数，当测量的范围超过设定的范围则驱动蜂鸣器报警提醒，除此外用户还可以设定每天闹钟提醒测量，时间可以自行设定[1]。

从脉搏波中提取人体的生理病理信息作为临床诊断和治疗的依据，历来都受到中外医学界的重视。系统以STC89C52单片机为核心，以光电传感器利用单片机系统内部定时器来计算时间，由光电传感器感应产生信号，单片机通过对信号累加得到脉搏跳动次数，时间由定时器定时而得。系统运行中可以通过观察指示灯闪烁，若均匀闪烁说明测量值准确。几乎世界上所有的民族都用过“摸脉”作为诊断疾病的手段。脉搏波所呈现出的形态(波形)、强度(波幅)、速率(波速)和节律(周期)等方面的综合信息，在很大程度上反映出人体心血管系统中许多生理病理的血流特征,但人体的生物信号多属于强噪声背景下的低频的弱信号, 脉搏波信号更是低频微弱的非电生理信号, 必需经过放大和后级滤波以满足采集的要求。

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