考研25篇20空无选项习题

考研25篇20空无选项习题

 【1】Insurance is the sharing of _(1). Nearly everyone is exposed _(2) of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his _(3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by _(4) and _(5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a _(6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to _(7) the needs of the few who do suffer _(8). In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the _(9). This is the basis of _(10). Those who pay the contributions are known as _(11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.

The _(12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested _(13) past experience. If the companies fix their premiums too _(14), there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose _(15). On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have _(16) and may even have to drop out _(17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and _(18) keep premiums at a proper _(19) to both insurers and those who _(20) insurance.

答案：1. risks   2. to   3. property/house   4. accident/chance   5. leave   6. small/certain   7. meet   8. loss/losses   9. many   10. insurance   11. insured   12. premium   13. by   14. high   15. business/money   16. profit   17. of   18. demand   19. level   20. buy   

【2】Motivation is “the driving force within individuals that impels them to action.” And goals are the sought-after results _(1) motivated behavior.

Motivation can be eitherpositive or negative _(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away _(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives _(5) needs, wants or desires, _(6) negative drives as fears or aversions. _(7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically _(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in _(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior. _(10) this reason, researchers often refer _(11) both kinds of drives of motives as needs, wants and desires.

Goals, _(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward _(13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refers to _(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain _(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and _(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin _(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. _(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal – attractiveness; in the _(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal – wrinkled skin.

答案：1. of   2. in   3. or   4. from   5. as   6. and   7. However   8. in   9. that   10. For   11. to   12. too   13. which   14. one   15. both   16. as   17. therefore/so   18. from   19. In   20. latter

【3】A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not _(1) true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two _(2) to become a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for _(3); second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will _(4). The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write _(5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the _(6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest _(7) and communication hardware and software.

Dose a born and bred bilingual _(8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in _(9)? There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important. _(10), a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing _(11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what _(12) known as a lingualism, a state in which a person lacks _(13) full, fluent command of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals _(14) don’t know the culture of the target language well enough to _(15) top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language _(16) its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they _(17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often _(18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.

On _(19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the same in-depth _(20) of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.

答案：1. necessarily   2. things   3. translation   4. translate   5. well   6. source   7. word-processing   8. make   9. life   10. First   11. any   12. is   13. a   14. often   15. provide   16. and   17. are   18. lack   19. the   20. knowledge

【4】Statistics from China _(1) be mind boggling: 1.2 billion _(2), 1.73 trillion cigarettes smoked in a year, 7,000 different _(3) of woody plants. But amid all of these staggering sums, one factoid stands _(4) for both its audacious size and for what it says abouyt China’s future: there are 630 million Chinese under the age of 24. That’s a lot of _(5) energy to burn. Materialism may be the _(6) preoccupation among China’s young people these days, but just beneath the surface lies a feeling _(7) wounded nationalist pride and an ever-deepening spiritual hunger. It isn’t clear where China’s young people are headed. But this is a generation that, by its _(8) size and certain talents, will _(9) the world’s destiny.

Here’s another sobering statistic: this is Terry McCarthy’s 22^nd, and fina, cover _(10) for TIME Asia-he’s leaving the region _(11) three years to become TIME’s Los Angeles _(12) chief. McCarthy, who has indefatigably crisscrossed Asia out of his twin bases of Hong Kong and Shanghai, was the main driver _(13) this week’s superb special report on young China. He developed the story list, guided much _(14) the reporting and wrote some of the articles. All _(15) planning a swank black-tie masked ball last weekend in Shanghai. “ I was _(16) by the willingness of individual Chinese to write for us or talk about their _(17),” McCarthy says about the special _(18). “ These are the guys _(19) are going to be running the country in 20 _(20).” If we’re lucky, McCarthy will be back in the region long before then.

答案：1. can   2. people   3. species   4. out   5. youthful   6. dominant/major/main   7. of   8. sheer   9. shape   10. story   11. after   12. bureau   13. behind   14. of   15. while   16. amazed   17. lives   18. report   19. who   20. years

【5】Ageing is a demned nuisance. Just _(1) you think you have the experience, _(2) style, the wisdom, the confidence to _(3) gorgeous, it turns out your body _(4) are descending without the aid of _(5) parachute and going up a _(6) of stairs without gasping is a major _(7) challenge. Where is the justice in _(8)?

Red wine was invented as the consolation _(9) now one man wants to take the _(10) to nature. If the radical dream of Ed Moses _(11) true, we will no longer think _(12) 48 as middle age. It will be the beginning of life, bounding and brimming with youthful _(13) and potential. One of the greatest track athletes of _(14) time, the 1976 and 1984 Olympic champion _(15) the 400 metres hurdles, is back in _(16).

Oh, don’t be daft, Edwin, all his friends and colleagues have been _(17). Michael Johnson, SebCoe, Daley Thompson have all looked him _(18) the earnest eye and forewarned _(19) of terrible injuries and humiliation. _(20) is a tide that no man may turn back, not even one who went unbeaten in his event for nine years, nine months and nine days, winning 122 consecutive races and driving despair into the hearts of his miserably traning rivals.

答案：1. when   2. the   3. be   4. parts   5. a   6. flight  7. fitness   8. that   9. but   10. challenge   11. comes   12. of   13. energy   14. all   15. in   16. training   17. saying   18. in   19. him   20. Time

【6】60,000 volunteers from around the world will be trained _(1) the Olympic and Paralympic _(2) in Athens in 2004. Without the volunteers, _(3) Olympic Games as we know them _(4) would not exits. The volunteers, who are_(5) all ages, cultures and backgrounds, all _(6) the same passion for sport and the Olympic Ideal, _(7) the athletes, these are the people who _(8) personify Olympism.

In Athens, the volunteers will work _(9) the maintenance of venues, the supervision _(10) events, hospitality and orientation of visitors _(11) athletes, transport, logistics, etc. From welcome _(12) the airports and train stations, _(13) securityat venues, catering, administration, ticketing and transport for athletes and officials, _(14) one of their many talents is invaluable.

Applications _(15) are available to any individual, of _(16) nationality, who wishes to participate. The only _(17) is being at least 18 years old _(18) the time of the Games. The candidates _(19) profiles best fit the required posts will be _(20) a place in the Organising Committee. They must then follow a training course. Finally, the volunteers will receive their accreditation, uniform and any necessary equipment.

答案：1. for   2. Games   3. the   4. today   5. of   6. share   7.Besides   8. best   9. on   10. of   11. and   12. at   13. to   14. every  15. forms   16. any   17. condition   18. by   19. whose   20. offered

【7】Vidio games have taken a lot of _(1) lately, blamed by some for _(2) violence and fostering sedentariness (sitting for a long time). Now the results of a new study suggest that all those hours _(3) playing action-packed games might have some _(4) effects. Researchers writing today in the journal Nature report that the activity _(5) attention-related visual skills.

Through a series of experiments, C. Shawn Green and Daphne Bavelier of the University of Rochester determined that habitual video-game players were _(6) able than nonplayers to focus on visually complex situations, to keep _(7) of multiple items at once and to process fast-changing information. To rule _(8) the possibility that their results _(9) reflected a tendency for gamers to be people _(10) inherently superior visual skills, the team subjected nongamers to action-video-game training, _(11) which they played Medal of Honor for an hour _(12) day, 10 days in a _(13). Meanwhile a control group was trained on Tetris, which, _(14) Medal of Honor, requires focusing on only a single object at a _(15). After that short training period, the Medal of Honor group exhibited _(16) visual skills.

“_(17) forcing players to simultaneously juggle a number of _(18) tasks (detect new enemies, track existing enemies and aboid getting hurt, among others), action-video-game playing pushes the limits of three _(19) different aspects of visual attention,” the authors conclude. “Although video-game playing may seem rather mindless,” they add, “ it is _(20) of radically altering visual attention processing.”

答案：1. heat   2. triggering   3. spent   4. positive   5. boosts   6. better   7.track   8. out   9. simply   10. with   11. in   12. a   13. row   14. unlike   15. time   16. improved   17. By   18. varied   19. rather   20. capable

【8】People who learn to play an instrument may reap benefits that aren’t musical in _(1), according to a new study. Findings _(2) this month in the journal Neuropsychology indicate that children with training _(3) music have better verbal memory skills than _(4) their peers who haven’t received musical instruction.

Agnes S. Chan of Chinese University in HK and her colleagues tested 90 boys _(5) the ages of six and 15. Half of the students _(6) to a school orchestra and had received additional musical training, _(7) the other half and not been taught how to play _(8) instrument. The reseachers compared the students’ verbal memory skills, _(9) as recalling words from a list, and their visual memory _(10) images. They found that boys with musical training remembered significantly more words than the _(11) students did and retained more words after 30-minute delays. What is _(12), performance on the verbal learning tasks rose in proportion _(13) the length of musical training. Music instruction had no _(14) on visual memory, however.

The scientists note that the improved verbal memory stems _(15) musical training because both tasks engage the _(16) section of the brain, the left temporal region. A _(17) study a year after the first indicated that the effects are long-lasting –- children who _(18) stopped their musical training retained the verbal memory advantage gained from the instruction. In _(19), Chan notes that music’s benefits may spill _(20) into other areas, nothing that “students with better verbal memory probably will find it easier to learn in school.”

答案：1. nature   2. published   3. in   4. do   5. between   6. belonged   7. whereas   8. an   9. such   10. for   11. nonmusical   12. more   13. to    14. effect   15. from   16. some   17. follow-up   18. had   19. addition  20. over

【9】Welcome to Washington, _(1), one of the most exciting and beautiful cities in the world. America’s _(2) City is the seat of government as well as a city of monuments and memorials.

The District of Columbia, _(3) of culture, charm and intrigue, also has an international _(4) in its embassies and everyday neighborhoods.

_(5) from its many obvious attractions and sights, the District is known for _(6) politicians, scandals and prominent citizens. It has some of the country’s oldest churches and has been the _(7) for some of the world’s greatest authors and musicians.

 To help you find your _(8) to the sights, we’re provided short capsules on some points of immediate _(9). Just use the numbers on each item to help you locate the place on the map you wish to see.

U.S. Capitol

Open 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday through Saturday _(10) Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year’s Day. The Capitol is _(11) Sunday. Thirty-minute _(12) tours depart from the Rotunda at the East Front of the Capitol, facing the Library of Congress and _(13) Court, and begin every 30 minutes from 9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Monday through Saturday. Free tickets are required for the _(14); tickets are distributed on a first-come, first-_(15) basis daily beginning at 8:15 a.m. at the West Front of the Capitol,moved from the East Front _(16) to construction of a visitors’ center. Self-guided tours are not available.

The building is _(17) symbolic of the U.S. federal government and the place where laws are _(18) by Congress. The Rotunda houses historical paintings, statues and frescoes beneath a massive dome. The gold circle in the center of the Rotunda’s floor marks the place where 23 U.S. leaders have lain in _(19).

Visitors wishing to be admitted to the galleries when the House or Senate is in _(20) must obtain passes from the office of a senator or representative.

答案：1. D.C.(这一题好无聊……)   2. Federal   3. full   4. side   5. Aside   6. sits   7. base   8. way   9. interest   10. except   11. closed  12. guided   13. Supreme   14. tour   15. served   16. due   17. most   18. enacted   19. state   20. session

【10】 White House

31600 Pennsylvania Ave. NW. Free admission. Tours of the White House are _(1) to organized school group only. Tour requests must be submitted _(2) a member of Congress. Tours for school groups are given from 7:45 to 10:30 a.m. Tuesday through Saturday. The White House often closes _(3) tours because of official functions, and these are not _(4) announced until the day before the function. The White House Visitors’ Center, _(5) near E and 15^th streets NW, is open seven days a week from 7:30 a.m. until 4p.m. and features many _(6) of the White House, _(7) its architecture, furnishings, first families, social events, relations with the press and world leaders, as well as a 30-minute video.

The home of _(8) U.S. president except George Washington, the White House is the city’s _(9) public building. Antiques, presidential portraits and _(10) furnishings in their period settings make the White House and unsurpassed museum of America’s leadership as well as the home of the president. It has 132 rooms and 28 baths, _(11) maintained by public funds. Eight rooms are open to the public _(12) for walk-throughs or viewing.

Washington Monument

Center of the National Mall, almost midway between the U.S. Capitol and the Lincoln Memorial. The monument is open _(13) from 9a.m. to 4:45p.m. free tickets are distributed for that day’s visit from 8a.m. to 4:30p.m. from a kiosk on the monument grounds.

An impressive marble and granite obelisk, the 555-foot-tall Washington Monument offers panoramic _(14) of the Washington area from windows on four sides of its capstone. Built from 1848 to 1884 in _(15) of the country’s first president, the monument is the tallest masonry structure in the world. An elevator _(16) visitors to the top. An extensive renovation of the monument was completed recently.

Lincoln Memorial

West end of the Mall. Ten-minute talks conducted periodically by National Park Service guiders. Open from 8 a.m.to 11:45 p.m. daily.

_(17) in 1922, the memorial’s 36 columns represent the number of states in the union at the time of the president’s _(18). Inside, a huge marble statue of a seated Lincoln-considered by _(19) to be one of the greatest sculptures in the world-overlooks the Reflecting Pool toward the Capitol. Lincoln’s Second Inagural Address and Gettysburg Address are _(20) on the interior walls.’

答案 ；1. open   2. through   3. for   4. usually   5. located   6. aspects   7. including   8. every   9. oldest   10. other   11. all   12. either   13. daily   14. views   15. honor   16. takes   17. Completed   18. death   19. many   20. engraved  

【11】The jump _(1) the number of Americans _(2) health insurance is not just another bad economic statistic.

Health care costs _(3) soaring again, after several years of stability; average premiums _(4) nearly 14 percent this year, the third year of double-digit _(5), according to the Kaiser Family Foundation. Employers are pushing _(6) of the costs onto their workers, raising co-payments and deductibles. At the same time, many Americans _(7) their health benefits jeopardized _(8) layoffs, which have continued _(9) the official end of the recession in November 2001.

In such time, the plight of the uninsured becomes more _(10) a middle class issue, more _(11) a symbol of real close-to-home insecurity and _(12) more politically potent, advocates and experts say. _(13) now, “it’s mainly been an _(14) of altruism for a discrete and disadvantaged population,” said Ron Pollack, executive director of Families USA, _(15) liberal consumer group.

“Now _(16) the losses _(17) health coverage are impacting _(18) middle-class and working families,” Mr. Pollack said, “this issue _(19) one of self-interest for a very substantial _(20) of the population.

答案：1. in   2. without   3. are   4. rose   5. increase   6. more   7. saw   8. by   9. despite   10. of   11. of   12. thus   13. until   14. issue   15. a   16. that   17. in   18. more   19. because   20. part

【12】Tourists were coming to Mexico’s Isla Mujeres _(1) before Cancun began welcoming visitors big-time for vacation getaways. Back _(2), sons of local fishermen would take groups from the mainland to visit from a port near Puetro Juarez. Today, a regular ferry _(3) makes runs to Puerto Juarez _(4) half-hour.

Before the fishermen’s excursions, _(5) Mayan Indians lived on the island. It _(6) as their sanctuary for Ixchel, the goddess of fertility, reason, medicine and the moon. Remnants of her temple still stand at the southern _(7) of the island, which also has been used as a lighthouse in which _(8) shone through holes in the temple walls to warn _(9) at sea.

The Mayans also harvested salt from the lagoons in the area, and in wartime, the island was one of their_(10).

Let me tell you a tale of a wonderful trip to that secluded island in the Caribbean on the easternmost point in Mexico.

Isla Mujeres is _(11) six miles north of Cancun and has fewer than 12,000 inhabitants. In recent years, tourism has continued to become a larger _(12) of the island’s economy, along with fishing.

Beaches surround Isla Mujeres, which at its widest point is 41/2 miles by less than 800 yards. The _(13) widely used ones are located on the north and west sides. I spent many hours sitting in the calm tide of Playa Norte, which is the most popular beach on the island. Each evening, the sun would appear above the _(14) as an orange-yellow circle, as if painted in the sky. Even after the _(15), I enjoyed watching the moonlight dance on the water.

Although many Americans visit the beaches, the _(16) European or South American woman also can be seen sunning herself. For other _(17), kayaks and snorkeling gear can be _(18) from Tarzan’s Water Sports. The eastern rocky shores with their strong _(19) are too dangerous for swimming. The Laguna Makax is used to house boats, expecially during hurricane _(20).

答案：1. long   2. then   3. service   4. every   5. the   6. served   7. point   8. torches   9. sailors   10. refuges   11. about   12. part   13. most   14. horizon   15. sunset   16. occasional   17. diversions   18. rented   19. currents   20. season

【13】Isla Mujeres is the ancestral _(1) ground for the giant sea turtles that _(2) their eggs in the sand from May through September. Although the turtles used to be devoured, they are faring _(3) now under federal protection.

At the Isla Mujeres Turtle Farm, turtle eggs are kept in pens to protect them from _(4). Newlyt hatched turtles are held in tanks until they are _(5) into the wild.

 Garrafon Natural Park has an offshore reef that is relatively _(6) and has calm surf. The park, on the southern part of the island, is the highest geographical _(7) in the Mexican Caribbean.

There are no hotels or motels nearby, but the park is _(8) easily by a rented golf cart, the most popular _(9) of trasportation on the island. Taxi services and motor bikes also are _(10).

_(11) a 10-dollar entrance fee, visitors to Garrafon can take _(12) in various activities, including swimming in an ocean-side pool, sleeping in a hammock _(13) watching the parrots in the park. Other options, including scuba diving and swinging on a zip line across the water, require an _(14) fee. Tourists may rent lockers, towels or diving gear at a reasonable fee. The park also has gift and snack shops and a restaurant.

I would have seen other features of the Island, _(15) as the reconstructed Mayan village, archaeological ruins, the museum, the beach, the lagoon and the wading pools, and scuba tours. I _(16) could have visited jungle cats, monkeys, bats and even a mushroom farm, but this would have taken another visit or _(17).

Guests also can stay in a hotel room in the resort’s pyramid tower that _(18) into the sky. The resort has a spa, a fitness center, four restaurants and the Castaway nightclub.

If tourists lack a five-star _(19), there are 40 other hotels on the island, including the Hotel Belmar, which offers three-star accommodations in the _(20) of downtown in the northwestern part of the island.

 I could have stayed on Isla Mujeres for a long, long time, but the boat came back for me.

答案：1. hatching   2. lay   3. better   4. predators   5. released   6. shallow   7. spot   8. reached   9. mode   10. available   11. For   12. part   13. or   14. additional   15. such    16. also   17. two   18. soars   19. budget   20. heart

【14】When President Jacques Chirac _(1) a clutch of central European countries _(2) February that they _(3) have “shut up” instead _(4) backing America _(5) its confrontation _(6) Iraq, his words cut _(7). Most of the countries he insulted, _(8) Poland and Hungary, had just _(9) invited to join the European Union in 2004. they were minded to slip in quietly and behave politely _(10) the club’s older members _(11) they learnt how the place worked. Mr Chirac changed their minds. If the older members were going to act _(12) way, the new ones would act tough too.

They did just that in Italy _(13) this month when EU foreign ministers (including those from the ten countries joining next year) discussed the Union’s new _(14) constitution. The six founders-Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands-said the draft should be _(15), more or less as it stood, _(16) the end of the year. Other EU members, including Ireland, Finland and Austria, were mildly unhappy. But the toughest criticism _(17) from Poland, not even a member yet, with the other central Europeans _(18) behind. “Nobody can limit our right to defend our position,” said Poland’s foreign minister, Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz. The new members, and some smaller countries already _(19) the EU, think that the draft constitution favours the Union’s biggest countries, mainly France and Germany. To correct that, they want every country, _(20) small, to go on nominationg a full voting member to the European Commission, the EU’s executive body, even when the EU has 25 members and more.

答案: 1. told   2. in   3. should  4. of   5. in   6. with  7. deep   8. including   9. been   10. to   11. while   12. that   13. earlier   14. draft   15. adopted   16. by   17. came   18. close   19. inside   20. however

【15】Some men teach because they feel they make a contribution to society that way. Other love a certain _(1). A third group finds _(2) rewarding to be around children.

Judging from how few men pick teaching _(3) their profession, however, many men can’t find a good reason to teach.

If school systems are going to be successful in attracting male teachers, they _(4) to give men more and better reasons to pick the profession, local male teachers say.

“Higher salaries would definitely make a _(5),” says Michael Calderon, 40, a social studies teacher at Rockville High School. “Men want to be able to provide _(6) their families.”

Locally, salaries range from about 35,000-dollar in entry salary _(7) about 80,000-dollar for teachers with a lot of experience, education and years in the job.

So, while not in the doctor or lawyer range, _(8) money might not be as bad as some think,says Randy McGinnis, who has a doctorate in science education and is a professor of education at the Universityof Maryland’s College of Education in College Park.

When Mr. McGinnis taught high school in the Bronx in the late 1980s, his students, for _(9), had a biased perception of what teachers make, he says.

“They said they would never go into _(10) because basically they could make more recycling bottles than _(11) a teacher,” he says. “It’s not quite that bad.”

His current college students acknowledge that the starting salary is pretty good but _(12) know that salary increases are fairly flat, Mr. McGinnis says.

“When they see senior teachers who are having a _(13) time paying for college for their own kids, it’s discouraging for them,” he says.

Yet being fulfilled in one’s profession is not _(14)about money. It’s also a matter of having status and receiving respect.

Mr. Calderon says, “The school system _(15) perpetuates the notion that the classroom is a dumping ground. That works against attracting males.”
Its often assumed that men will want to _(16) administrative positions after just a few years of classroom teaching, he says.

Mr. Calderon suggests that _(17) a certain number of years in the profession, a teacher should receive an elevated rank, title and income level.

“Maybe after 20 years you’d become a ‘master teacher,’ “he says.

Providing a good and friendly environment might help _(18) new teachers from leaving the profession prematurely, says Anthony R. Stanley, a fourth-grade teacher at Patterson Elementary School in Southeast.

“I think it’s important that we embrace new teachers,” Mr. Stanley says, “It’s overwhelming in the beginning, and you don’t become a good teacher _(19). It took me 10 years to figure certain things _(20).

答案: 1. subject   2. it   3. as   4. have   5. difference   6. for   7. to  8. the   9. example   10. teaching   11. being   12. also   13. difficult   14. just   15. itself   16. enter   17. after   18. prevent   19. overnight   20. out

【16】The gendered nature of elder abuse is still a contested topic. _(1) it is usually reported that women are more likely to be abused than men, some of the date _(2) which such pronouncements are based – including, most notably, the 2001 Ntional Elder Abuse Incidence Study – do not weight the data to account _(3) the higher rate of abuse among the oldest cohorts, _(4) are overshelmingly female.

Be that as it _(5), it is clear that there are male victims of elder abuse, although some may argue they are given _(6) attention than are female victims. That’s one of the _(7) why Jacki Pritchard, a United Kingdom resercher, chose to follow _(8) a study she did of female elder abuse victims with one devoted solely _(9) male victims. The slim volume Male Victims of Elder Abuse reports _(10) her findings.

_(11) with many elder abuse research projects, Pritchard’s sample is appallingly small. She analyzes the reports of 39 males elder abuse victims _(12) three UK jurisdictions, and interviews _(13) length 12male victims, aged 60-80. Despite this limited sample, the depth of Pritchard’s interviews and her analyses _(14) to some very interesting observations.

To _(15) with, Pritchard was startled by the men’s eagerness to talk about the abuse that had happended to them: “ It is generallythought that men _(16) it difficult to admit that they have been abused. I was particularly struck by the _(17) in which all the men talked openly about their lives and the abuse they had experienced”. Indeed, the study _(18) grew out of men’s requests to be included in _(19) was originally designed as women-only focus groups on adult abuse that _(20) held at senior day care centers.

答案： 1. While   2. on   3. for   4. which   5. may   6. less   7. reasons   8. up   9. to   10. on   11. As   12. from   13. at   14. lead   15. begin   16. find   17. was   18. itself   19. what   20. were

【17】Meg Haufe studied business at a community college and worked as a data-entry clerk _(1) deciding to try to turn an obsession of her youth _(2) a career.

The 30-year-old is working toward a bachelor’s degree _(3) video-game design at the Art Institute of California.

“I’ve always wanted to get into the video-game industry. I _(4) up with them. I play them constantly.” Said Miss Haufe, who specializes in developing characters.

Colleges  and universities across the nation have developed specialized degree programs to _(5) new students and exploit changes in the job market.

 Sinclair Community College this fall began offering a two-year program in aircraft maintenance to go _(6) with an existing flight-training program. At other schools, students can _(7) degrees in homeland security and computer security, historic preservation and writing popular fiction.

“We’ve become a _(8) more specialized society,” said Michael Baer, senior vice president of the American Council on Education. “And colleges and universities have tried to be responsive to the _(9) of the work-force market.”

The strategy increases enrollments of students who typically would not attend college.

Shawn McCoy, 27, of Fort Recovery, Ohio, went to work in a forklift factory after graduating from high school because he wasn’t _(10) in college. He was laid _(11) a few times and now has enrolled in Sinclair’s aircraft maintenance program.

“This industry is getting ready to see dramatic growth again,” said Rex Schlagenhauf, a former military and corporate pilot and assistant professor of aviation technology at Sinclair. He said the airline industry will benefit _(12) baby boomers with disposable income who like to travel.

 At the San Diego campus of the Art Institute of California, Christian Bradley, academic director of game art and design, is always concerned that a _(13) shift in consumer demand could affect the job prospects of students _(14) traduate in video-game design.

“I’ve got a ton of people _(15) me responsible for keeping track of this,” he said. “It keeps me up nights.”

The degree program began in January with 57 students. Enrollment had swelled to 122 students when the fall _(16) began Oct.6.

Students are taught to design and illustrate games, _(17) an emphasis on character animation such as lip movement and muscle flexing. They _(18) play video games to see what makes them fun.

 The video-game industry _(19) about 30,000 people in the United States, with the number of jobs expected to increase by about 5,000 a year, _(20) Jason Della Roca, director of the International Game Developers Association.

答案： 1. before   2. into   3. in   4. grew  5. attract   6. along   7. earn   8. much   9. needs   10. interested   11. off   12. from   13. sudden   14. who   15. holding   16. term   17. with   18. also   19. employs   20. said

【18】A characteristicof American culture _(1) has become almost a tradition is the glorification of the self-made man, the man who _(2) risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. _(3) the leader in business or industry or the college occupies a higher position and commands greater respect in the community than common laborer or _(4) the skilled factory worker, he may _(5) pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farm hand or laborer of some _(6).

Most of the people who settled in the United States were poor. The country they came _(7) was a wilderness. Land had to be cleared _(8) trees in order to make farms; mines had to be developed; house, shops, and public buildings had to be _(9). Everyone had to help build them. Manual labor was highly valued. _(10) it was the man who worked _(11) his head to achieve success in business and industry who was looked up to. Now there is in America a curious combination of pride _(12) having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend upon manual labor for a living and genuine delight in what one is _(13) to accomplish with his hands.

This attitudetoward manual labor is seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at home that is not only comfortable but even luxuriously furnished, and in which there is every evidence of the fact that family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children, _(14) the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself, and will wash the dishes _(15). Furthermore, the dinner will not consist merely something quickly and easily assembled from the contents of various cans and a cake or pie _(16) at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes _(17) in careful preparation of special dishes. _(18) addition, she does most of her other household work; and _(19) though her husband may be a professional man, he talks about washing the car, digging in his flower beds, painting the house, or laying tile on the floor of the recreation room in the basement. His wife may even help him with these things, just _(20) he often helps her with the dish-washing. The son who is away at college may wait on tables and wash dishes in a restaurant for his board, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a new highway in order to earn his next year’s school expenses.

答案: 1. that   2. who   3.While  4. even   5. take   6. sort   7. to   8. of   9. built   10. Later   11. with    12. in   13. able   14. yet   15. afterward   16. bought   17. pride   18. In   19. even   20. as

【19】Today, many students are choosing to attend college on a part-time basis. Why? Is it out of a _(1) to go to college while working or out of necessity? The answer is probably _(2). If traditional students _(3) the opportunity to attend college right out of high school, or do attend college and leave _(4) getting their degree, it probably isn’t the right time for them.

It is usually _(5) in life that these now 20,30 and 40-year-olds find strong reasons to _(6) students again. This is not an impulsive decision. The thought can _(7) for years before it becomes a reality. In many cases, life circumstances create the motivation. _(8) a better life for themselves and their families, maintaining that competitive _(9) in the job market, looking for career opportunities in the way of advancement or a salary _(10), all offer the end result they seek.

Many part-timers are adults with _(11) experiences behind them. While this holds _(12), there are many common concerns and fears adults need to get _(13) before stepping back into a classroom. More time than _(14), adult students are haunted with feelings that they will not fit in, are not smart _(15) and can’t compete with the eighteen-year-olds. There is the major worry about how to pay for college and how to find the time to study. What is boils _(16) to is a matter of taking things one step at a time.

Finding the money to pay for college is an _(17). If employed, check to see if there is tuition reimbursement. Today, many employers will assist _(18) paying all if not partial tuition for school. If _(19), seek out the school’s financial aid department and complete the financial aid process. And, of course, _(20) savings can be used to pay for school.

答案：1.desire   2. both   3. sidestep   4. without   5. later   6. become   7. linger   8. Having   9. edge   10. increase   11. life   12. true   13. beyond   14. not   15. enough   16. down   17. essential   18. in   19. not   20. personal

【20】Having a family history of alcoholism is considered a risk factor for developing the disorder oneself, but not all children of alcoholics are affected equally. Scientists are thus on the _(1) for other markers that could help identify the individuals most at risk. Research published in the current _(2) of the journal Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research may help. Scientists report that people _(3) a family history of alcoholism taste sour and salty things differently than _(4) peoplewith no family history of the disorder.

Previous research had suggested a _(5) between having a preference for sweets and consuming more alcohol both in animals and some humans. In the new work, Henry R. Kranzler of the University of Connecticut Health Center and his colleagues analyzed _(6) in taste perceptions of salty and sour solutions between people with and _(7) alcoholic fathers. The researchers determined that subjects with a family history of alcoholism found salty solutions _(8) pleasurable than did those individuals not related to alcoholics. Sour substances were _(9) more intense and less enjoyable for people with alcoholism in their family than for those with no family history. “We interpret these _(10) as evidence of unique taste perception _(11) individuals with a paternal history of alcoholism compared to those without such a history,” Kranzler says.

Just how the taste differences affect children of alcoholics remains _(12), however. The study subjects were _(13) to eliminate people who were suffering from alcoholism _(14), so it is not _(15) known if taste perceptions also differ between children of alcoholics who succumb to the disorder and _(16) who do not. Kranzler notes that the taste differences identified in this study could serve as protection _(17) alcoholism but some people with a family history may also have alterations in taste characteristics that _(18) them at increased risk of the disorder. Alexei B. Kampov-Polevoy of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, who also studies taste characteristics, _(19) out that “if confirmed, these data may _(20) to the development of physiological markers of alcoholism.”
答案: 1. lookout   2. issue   3. with   4. do   5. link   6. differences   7. without   8. less   9. also   10. findings   11. among   12. unclear   13. screened   14. themselves   15. yet   16. those   17. against   18. put   19. points   20. contribute

【21】Every day a few more colorful college brochures arrive in the mail, with _(1) of happy students crossing a wooded campus. Representatives from universities around the country visit your high school to tell you _(2) that school is the best place for you to spend the next four years.

But _(3) the information is putting you on overload rather than helping you. You may be having trouble deciding what type of school _(4) would be the right choice for you.

That’s where an educational consultant can help. These professionals work with you and your family _(5) identifying your strengths and interests, and help you find schools that would be a good _(6) socially, as well as academically.

A consultant begins by talking with you and your family to _(7) out about your learning style, interests, personality and goals. He or _(8) will make recommendations on the type of school environmentthat would best _(9) you.

The consultant will then work with you to _(10) specific schools you may consider. Competent educational consultants _(11) about 20% of their time on the road visiting colleges and universities to get a “feel” for the campus and to _(12) with admissions officials. With that storehouse of _(13) knowledge, the consultant can recommend colleges that would be a great match, including colleges you might _(14) have thought about!

Educational consultants can also help you sort _(15) the admissions requirements and documents. Of course, you’ll still have to write your own essays, but the consultant can help you focus your ideas _(16) the essay truly reflects who you are.

Not only do consultants know about a wide _(17) of college, but they are also experts on the _(18) of departments within the colleges. They can tell you what school has a strong business department, _(19) has a first-class architecture program or where you can _(20) music and computer science into a degree program.

答案：1. pictures   2. why   3. all   4. really   5.on   6. match   7. find   8. she   9. suit   10. identify   11. spend   12.meet   13. firsthand   14. never   15. through   16. so   17. range   18. strengths   19. which   20. combine

【22】Located in the North West coast of England, this region has a great variety of places to visit and a wide range of placesto stay. There’s easy _(1) by rail, road, sea or air and local transport and motorway _(2) make getting around the region simple too.

Liverpool, at the heart of Merseyside, is one of a _(3) of truly world-famous cities, with a reputation around the globe, particularly _(4) The Beatles and football. Sports fans are spoilt for choice here _(5) two Premier Division Football teams offering stadium tours, and a _(6) to experience the atmosphere of a first class game of football virtually every week in the season. Aintree Racecourse hosts the most famous steeplechase in the world plus other race meetings during the year, and there’s the Grand National Experience for visitors to take a look behind the _(7), and see what it’s really like to ride in the race on the Grand National simulator! And if you are planning a _(8) to the region for the Commonwealth Games being held in 2005, don’t forget Mancherster, which is just 40 minutes away, with a range of accommodation to suit all _(9) ranges.

Liverpool is bidding to be the European Capitol of Culture in 2008 and music is very _(10) part of the Culture-classical at the Phil. Theatrical performances can _(11) again be seen at the newly restored Liverpool Playhouse, _(12) many ahousehold name made their debut. Innovative theatre is staged at the Everyman, whilst ballet, opera and musicals can be _(13) at the largest regional theatre in Britain, the Empire.

The city’s galleries house more collections of national significance _(14) any other area outside London. There’s something to suit all _(15) from the classic collection to the ultra modern collection, and both have a frequently changing program of exhibitions _(16) national and international artists. The fascinating work of a museum and gallery conservators _(17) be seen at the Award Winning Consevation Centre, recently voted European Museum of the Year.

Liverpool is a truly _(18)-cultural city, and in celebration of the city being home to the oldest established Chinese _(19) in Europe, a spectacular new arch has recently been erected in Chinatown by workers from Liverpool’s _(20) city Shanghai. Some of the best Chinese restaurants in the northwest are located here too!

答案：1. access    2. networks   3. handful   4. for   5. with   6. chance   7. scenes   8. visit   9. price   10. much   11. once   12. where   13. seen   14. than   15. tastes   16. by   17. can  18. multi   19. community   20. sister

【23】Growing older gives us much to grumble about, but new findings _(1) help to offset those woes: personality, scientists say, appears to improve with age. Some experts _(2) that personality is genetically programmed to stop changing _(3) a certain age. Others assert that some aspects may _(4) throughout adulthood, but not much. The new work suggests that personality is plastic and that the changes that _(5) with age are generally for the better.

Psychologists _(6) personality into five major traits: agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness and extraversion. _(7) to researchers who subscribe to the notion that our genes dictate when our personalities stop changing, the “big five” are set for _(8) by age 30. some workers, _(9), contend that experiences that occur in adulthood – from beginning a career to having children – can mold personality too.

_(10) begin to understand how personality traits might change through _(11) and middle adulthood, Sanjay Srivastava of Stanford University and his colleagues studied how the _(12) traits varied by age and gender. The study, published today in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, compared the personalities of 132,515 adults between the ages of 21 and 60 who completed an Internet “personality test.” The survey was _(13) on the Web site www.outofservice.com and participants were those who had opted to answer the questionnaire for automatic feedback on their personality “ratings.”

The team found that conscientiousness increased with age, with the biggest jumps occurring among those individuals in _(14) 20s. agreeableness also climbed with age, _(15) among thirty-somethings. Men and women differed in their relative neuroticism: as women aged, their neurotic tendencies declined, but this was not the _(16) for men. Openness waned slightly for both sexes, as did extraversion in women.

“The changes in conscientiousness and agreeableness line _(17) with when people increase their work responsibilities and then when they have kids.” Srivastava says. But, he adds, they weren’t studying the reasons _(18) the changes occur, and they collected only basic demographic information. Now that Srivastava and his colleagues have ascertained that personality does indeed change throughout adulthood they plan to look _(19) why it happens. “This is a hopeful message about aging,” he observes. “It’s so often viewed as a process of _(20) – your hair falls out, your teeth fall out – but we’re seeing aging as a process of development. All the biggest changes were for the better.”

答案： 1. may   2. argue   3. at   4. change   5. come   6. divide   7. According   8. life   9. however   10. To   11. eraly    12. average   13. posted   14. their   15. largely   16. case   17. up   18. why   19. into   20. decline

【24】To sleep, perhaps to file? Findings published online this week _(1) the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencs _(2) support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day _(3) the rest of the body is catching zzz’s.

Dr. Smith at Rutgers University and his _(4) analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex (an area _(5) processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists _(6) that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to _(7) intertwined. So-called sleep spindles (bursts of activity from the neocortex) _(8) followed tens of milliseconds late by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this _(9) between the two brain regions is a key _(10) in memory consolidation.

A _(11) study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline _(12) high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory _(13). In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose _(14) age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as _(15). The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure _(16) quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body’s tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also _(17) the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. “Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people _(18),” Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance _(19) reverse some age-associated problems in cognition.” Exercise and weight _(20) can help keep glucose levels in check, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym.

答案: 1. by   2. further   3. while   4. colleagues   5. that   6. found   7. be   8. were   9. interplay  10. step   11. second   12. to   13. problems   14. average   15. well   16. how   17. discovered   18. age   19. could   20. control

【25】Noone knows _(1) how or when the supermarket idea originated, but of course it is simply an _(2) of the American plan of mass production. The profit _(3) the owner of the supermarket is only one percent of the goods _(4). This is a very small margin of profit on each article sold. But the supermarket sells in such large quantities _(5) its final profit is quite large.

Prices of goods in supermarkets are, of course, _(6) lower than in smaller, private grocery stores because supermarkets buy goods in such large volume that they can buy more _(7) than the independent grocer. Their selling prices, in _(8), are lower. Also, customers in a supermarket help themselves. No clerksare needed, so there is a saving in labor _(9). This saving is also passed on to the customer in the _(10) of lower prices.

Are there any disadvantages to buying in supermarkets? There are some. Certain people are opposed to big business in _(11), and they feel that the supermarket is another example of the way in which big business is gaining _(12) over the American economy. The small independent grocer, as mentioned earlier, is fast disappearing from the economic _(13). Furthermore, the supermarket idea is now _(14) extended to other forms of business. Other stores, such as clothing stores and hardware stores, are introducing the self-service idea and copying other supermarket _(15) methods.

Still other people feel that the supermarket _(16) a very cold and impersonalway of doing business. In a supermarket, one buys almost mechanically. The corner grocer of an earlier period, on the other hand, conducted his business _(17) a more simple, friendly basis. He knew each of his customers personally. He knew their personal likes and _(18). He attended to his customers immediately. There was no waiting in long checkout lines to pay the _(19). The independent grocer delivered goods directly to the home. He frequently sold _(20) credit. The supermarket does not deliver. It sells on a strictly cash basis. Yet it sells at considerably lower prices, and this seems to be its principal attraction. On the basis of price, the independent grocer simply cannot compete with the much larger, almost giant, supermarket.

答案：1. exactly   2. extension   3. to   4. sold   5. that   6. much   7. cheaply   8. turn   9. costs   10. form   11. general   12. control   13. scene   14. being   15. selling   16.represents   17. on   18. dislikes   19. cashier  20. on

【26】In more recent decades, the world has increasingly become a _(1) community, and study abroad has flourished. Since World War 2 there has been a dramatic _(2) in foreign students coming to the United States to study and of Americans studying _(3) the United States. In 2000, almost 56,000 American students participated _(4) formal studyabroad programs. In 2002, more than 1 million foreign students came to the United States to study.

_(5) American students, study abroad is generally seen to _(6) three educational goals: the _(7) education of the student, specialized learning such as language learning, and the promotion of international _(8). But in addition those studying abroad learn to extend their autonomy and increase their _(9) of their own culture and the values that this culture embodies. One study of Edward Morgan demonstrates that the type of learning that takes _(10) at the home university is primarity cognitive in _(11) and is secondarily affective. Students studying abroad, however, are frequently much more involved in their _(12) for identity. He found “students indicated that they _(13) daily in the areas of values, attitudes, goals and personal philosophy”. Most students report that it is what they learn outside of the classroom that _(14) the most in a study-abroad program.

In his study, Morgan also delineates two major types of students: the “cultural relativist” and the “cultural opposite”. Cultural relativists are more _(15) to their experience abroad and enjoy the contact with new and different cultures. The cultural opposites felt isolated and threatened by the _(16) in the culture they were in, tending to “shut off the new information they were getting because it challenged beliefs that they previously held without _(17)”. Because of this reaction on the part of some students. Morgan suggests that curriculum in the United States should _(18) the investigation of culture as a fundamental force in international relations, history, socialogy and psychology, as well as most other disciplines. He also suggests that students abroad should realize that “being in another culture does not _(19) mean acquiring a deper understanding of it…(Rather) it will help students to acquire a deeper understanding of self, their culture and its influence _(20) them.”

答案：1. global   2. increase   3. outside   4. in   5.For   6. fulfill    7. general   8. understanding   9. awareness    10. place   11. nature   12. search   13. changed   14. counts   15. open   16. difference   17. question    18. include   19. necessarily   20. upon