托福听力考前6天备考计划

在托福听力备考过程中，坚持不懈十分的重要，就连考前几天甚至是考前几个小时都不能放过，只有让你的耳朵对听力熟悉，这样在考试中你才能发挥出水平。

Day 1 Listening skills

托福听力主要考察学生理解对话以及讲座内容的能力。

每段对话只播放一次，但可以做笔记。问题主要关于每段对话的主要观点、重要的细节、作者态度等。

托福听力分为两个部分，每部分有一段对话和两个讲座。如果遇到加试，加试的一个部分也是由一段对话和两个讲座组成。

托福听力的主要形式：

Informal, Non-academic, and Conversational

这一类型的听力主要是以在校园中对话的形式出现，如学生与学生之间或是学生与老师之间的对话。

Formal and Academic

这一类型的听力主要是以学术讲座的形式出现。主题分为很多种，如自然科学、社会科学、艺术等。

Listening question types:

主旨题(identifying the main idea)

细节题(understanding detail)

组织结构题(understanding organization)

推断题(making inferences)

作者态度题(determining attitude)

连接内容题(connecting content)

在听力过程中，要理解说话人的观点，重要的内容和细节要记下来，以免听完之后忘记。

Listening skills：

1. 听的时候注意一些连接词，如表示转折的but, however等，表示因果关系的because, thanks to等。

2. 注意形容词和副词的最高级，如the most important thing is后面就是这段话的关键部分。

3. 注意一些表示顺序的词语，如next, then, finally等。

4. 在lecture中，注意听结尾表达作者观点的句子。

Day 2 Multi-Select Multiple Choice

在托福听力中，有时会出现Multi-Select Multiple Choice的问题类型。

这类问题要求大家从4个选项中选出2个正确答案，或从5个选项中选出3个正确答案。

这种多项选择大多考察听力原文中的细节。

这种多选的形式跟细节题的单选形式相同，大家只要再找出其他正确的细节就可以了。

在做这种题型时，笔记非常重要，因为在听完一段话后，大家可能会忘记一些部分。

Example:

Listen to part of a talk in a philosophy class.

Professor: ... Ok, so let's continue our discussion about the philosophical beliefs that emerged during the Enlightenment period. As you know, the Enlightenment was a historical period when many philosophers broke away from the religious explanations of the world, and looked toward science as a more reasonable explanation of phenomena. This was during the late eighteenth century.

As most of you know, in philosophy, one idea leads to the next, and philosophers who come later like to reinvestigate older ideas and change them to fit into a new explanation. They also liked to criticize each other. This academic criticism led to a different philosophical movement that came out of Germany and was called Idealism. Today we are going to look at a particular philosopher who is regarded as the founder of German Idealism. Immanuel Kant is considered to be the first German idealist.

Student 1: Excuse me professor, I am not clear what idealism means. I read the chapter in the book, but I don't really understand it. Could you explain it please?

Professor: Sure, yes, let's backtrack a bit. In philosophy, to be an idealist is a little bit different than the way we use it in regular conversation. The philosophical meaning of idealism is that we do not directly know objects. We can only directly know ideas. I mean, ideas are like imprints, which are like the pictures of these objects in our minds. For example, take fire. We can see fire, so we have a picture of it in our minds. We can touch fire, so we know that it is hot, but sight and touch are sensations. We know the picture of fire in our minds and we know the idea of heat in our minds but not the fire itself. Idealists were a group of philosophers that believed we could only know the ideas in our minds, not the objects they represent. All we really know are the ideas. This was the basic theory of how human beings understand the world according to idealists.

Student 1: I think it means that we can only really know our ideas for sure. Everything else might exist but we can't claim to really know it because it is not a part of us.

Professor: You are getting there. Yes. Idealists, remember, were European thinkers who were trying to show that each person has a different way of understanding something. In each person's mind the "truth" is a little different. Reality is subjective because we all understand it a little differently.

There were many philosophers that were idealists, but let's get back to Kant.

Now, Where was I?

Right... umm... In the later part of the 1700s, Kant criticized both the rational philosophers who believed that reason could lead to understanding, and the empirical philosophers, who believed that we only learn through observation and experience. He tried to bring the two groups of thinkers together in his own form of idealism. He believed that we had certain ways of looking at the world in our minds, and that we could predict certain patterns by using reason, but he also claimed that there are things that we can only really know though experience. We cannot predict everything that we will encounter in the world. He claimed that both reason and experience were important.

Question: What is true about Idealism? Choose 2 answers.

A. It is a way of understanding physics.

B. It was based on scientific thought.

C. It claims we cannot know objects.

D. It was developed in 1700.

这段对话中，Professor说："As you know, the Enlightenment was a historical period when many philosophers broke away from the religious explanations of the world, and looked toward science as a more reasonable explanation of phenomena."同时他也给出了理想主义的定义，"The philosophical meaning of idealism is that we do not directly know objects. We can only directly know ideas."

选项A混淆了两个发音相似的单词philosophy 和physics。

选项D也不正确，理想主义的发展是在18世纪后期。

Some tips about Multi-Select Multiple Choice:

1. 注意factors, result, explanation等的并列成分，不要有遗漏;

2. 在听的时候注意记笔记。记笔记时用简化的符号代替单词，记下重要部分;

3. 将听力原文中的时间、数字记清楚，并与相应的事件对应;

4. 注意排除干扰项。如果原文没有表达这一意思，那么这个选项就是错的。

Day 3 Answer basic comprehension questions

托福听力中，这类基本理解性问题分为2类：内容主旨和目的主旨。

Identifying the main idea

在每段听力开头，都会有这样一句话：Listen to part of a lecture from a chemistry class. 其中的chemistry就是重点词，说明这篇文章的中心为chemistry。这样大家在听这篇文章之前就可以知道这篇文章主要讲的是什么。

Some tips about identifying the main idea

1. 排除选项中描述具体细节的选项;

2. 注意听文中重复率高的词汇。Conversation或lecture中表达主旨的词汇会经常出现，大家一定要认真听。

Example:

Listen to part of a lecture from a chemistry class.

Professor: Ok, put away your lab coats please. Today we're going to cover a bit of history. Yes, yes, I know, this is a chemistry class, not a history class, but we'll be talking about the history of that most famous of chemical diagrams, the periodic table of elements. Open up your textbooks to page 143.

To understand where the table comes from, first we need to look back to when the Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed that everything is divided into four main elements: earth, fire, air, and water. Although it doesn't sound very scientific to us now, Aristotle was actually closer to describing the four states of matter than he was in pinpointing the elements. I mean... solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Nevertheless, Aristotle's initial classification of matter into four main types laid the groundwork for future scientists to ultimately discover and understand the properties of all of the individual elements we know today. The discovery of elements was a gradual process, with many different scientists having a hand in the discoveries. For example, in 1669 and 1680, both Hennig Brand and Robert Boyle independently discovered phosphorus. In 1789, Antoine Lavoisier published his Treaty on the Chemical Elements, in which he defined for the first time what an element actually is, and included a list. The list continued to grow. As more and more elements were discovered, scientists around the world searched for a way to classify them.

Question: What is the main topic of discussion?

A. Chronological history of Victorian chemistry

B. The varied attempts at element classification

C. Mendeleev's life and ultimate achievements

D. Publication of chemistry works in the 1800's

这个lecture是按照时间顺序讲述的element classification的发展，并不是围绕整个维多利亚时代的化学的发展展开的，因此A项不正确。Mendeleev只是创建元素周期表的人之一，整篇lecture并不是围绕他展开的，C项也是错误的。这个lecture重点讲的是元素的分类，并不是泛泛的谈化学，D项不对。答案是B。

Identifying the purpose

目的题通常出现在对话中，因此大家要通过整段对话了解讲话人的目的，而不是仅抓着细节不放。

目的题通常有两种提问方式：

Why did the speaker say that?

What was the purpose of saying that?

Example:

Listen to a conversation between a student and a teacher.

Student: Hello Professor, I made an appointment to see you today at 3:00 p.m...?

Professor: Yes... Benjamin? You're right on time. Come in, have a seat. Are you here about next week's test?

Student: Yes, there's just one point that I'm still a little stuck on... and I was hoping I could go over it with you.

Professor: Of course... I always try to make time to help out students in your situation.

Student: Well, I've been reviewing the main economic concepts you discussed in class, but I'm still confused as to the difference between "foreign exchange rates" and

"Purchasing Power Parity." You know... PPP.

Professor: I see. Well, let's try to narrow down the area where you're lost.

Question: Why does the student go to see the professor?

A. To obtain a list of the main concepts covered in the lectures

B. To ask if a concept will appear on a test

C. To review a concept's main principles

D. To distinguish between two different concepts

文本中标出的部分是答题的关键。学生去拜访教授是因为他不太清楚"foreign exchange rates"和"Purchasing Power Parity"的区别。

这两类问题只要大家认真听，都可以答对。大家可以通过做真题来巩固一下。

Day 4 Making Inferences

听力中，大家不仅要听懂speaker的话，更要理解这句话的隐含意思。

有时speaker只是进行了暗示，并没有直接说明他的态度或立场，那么大家就要根据暗示推断speaker想要表达的意思。

有时候，speaker还会引用习语，大家也要从中推断出其想要表达什么。

想要理解speaker对某事物的态度，还要在听的时候注意speaker的话中包含的感情色彩，是沮丧、生气，还是高兴。这些都是大家答题时的线索。

Example:

Listen to part of a conversation between two students.

Student A: (concerned) Did I miss much?

Student B: (reassuringly) Not really. Professor White was like, 10 minutes late for class. So we didn't even get started till twenty after or something. We just, um, we went over the last couple of chapters of The Catcher in the Rye.

Student A: Oh, right. I forgot that we were finishing that up this week.

Student B: Yeah, and we're supposed to have, like, the first three chapters of Of Mice and Men read by next class.

Student A: I've just been, I mean, I pretty much just skim the books because we go into so much detail in class.

Student B: I know. Professor White doesn't leave much out. I guess you don't really have to, you know, read the novel thoroughly unless you're going to write a paper on it.

Student A: Well, that's why I'm worried about what I missed yesterday. My term paper is on, you know, the conflict between Holden Caulfield and, um, the authority figures in The Catcher in the Rye.

Student B: Well, I can tell you what she went over.

Student A: (hesitantly) Oh, OK. Did you take down any notes?

Student B: Yeah, I took a few notes. Nothing much though... maybe a page or two.

Question: What does the student mean when he says this:

A. He would like to compare notes.

B. He would like to borrow his friend's notes.

C. He wants to make sure that his friend's notes are correct.

D. He always copies his friend's notes.

从对话中我们知道Student A来晚了，错过了老师讲的部分内容。Student B 告诉A在他没来之前老师讲的内容，A问B有没有记笔记，我们就可以推断出A想借用B的笔记。

这类题型大家可以通过做真题来练习。

Day 5 Understand speaker's attitude

态度题在托福老师中属于较难回答的问题。

这类问题考察的speaker对某一事情或事物的态度。在做题时，切记勿将自己的态度、观点强加给speaker。

Speaker’s attitude

通常speaker的态度分为四种：

Positive

Negative

Objective

Not clear

Notice some words and sentences

表示肯定态度：favorable, approval, supportive, defensive, etc.

表示否定态度：disapproval, opposition, critical, dissatisfied, etc.

表示客观态度：neutral, impartial, unprejudiced, unbiased, ect.

一些特定的语言后会出现speaker的态度，如：

I think…

As far as I am concerned…

In my opinion…

It seems to me that…

Some tips about attitude questions:

1. 在听听力时， 注意听一些可以表达作者态度、观点的词语或是句子，比如在上面列出的一些词和句型。

2. 听到这些词大家也不能仅仅根据这些词选择，需要在仔细听后面有没有转折的地方。特别要注意but, however这些词后面的部分，通常这些词的后面才表明speaker的态度。

3. 注意speaker说话时的语调，是高兴，还是犹豫，这些在答题时都会有帮助。

有时，speaker不会直接表达态度，会通过更为委婉的方式表达。大家来看下面一个例子：

I heard some great examples of this on the television program on crocodiles last week. Anyone catch it? It had a few interesting bits. But you know, uh, you have to be careful, think critically. Sometimes I don't know where these shows find their experts.

What is the professor's opinion about the television program that she mentions?

A. She is concerned about the accuracy of some of the information the experts provided.

B. She is hopeful that the class will be able to discuss it.

C. She thinks it was overly critical of some recent theories about crocodiles.

D. She is surprised that it did not include more examples of crocodile communication

在这段听力材料中，speaker认为有关鳄鱼的电视节目” had a few interesting bits”，但紧接着，后面出现了”but”，表明对这一节目的质疑，因此就可以排除B项和D项，C项虽然出现了“critical”这个词，但指的是电视节目“critical”，因此排除，答案为A.

Day 6 Note-taking skills

托福听力每篇文章的长度都在600词以上，在听力时做笔记是很有必要的，因为每个人的记忆是有限的，虽然可以记住每篇材料的大体意思，但可能会记混一些重要细节。

Some tips about note-taking:

1. 记关键词。关键词是指与speaker的观点、态度的词语，或是与主题相关的词语。

2. 用简单的符号代替复杂的单词。大家也可以自己发明笔记符号，但记完之后要能明白符号代表的意思。

3. 使用一个符号表达多个意思。如果笔记符号太多，可能会非常混乱，大家可能记完之后可能会忘记这个符号代表的意思。可以在一个符号的基础上再创造，如用□(正方形)表示“国家”，那么

在 □ 里加“•”就可以表示“国内”，在外面加“•”就表示国外。

4. 记关联词，还有表示步骤的词语，特别是表示转折关系的词语，如therefore, whereas, however, in one hand等。

5. 笔记结构要清晰。大家可以听完一个unite就划一个“/”，这样笔记符号就不会连在一起。而且在记笔记时要竖着记，不要横着记，这样可以减少对笔记的反应时间。

以上就是托福听力6天搞定的备考计划，对大家的备考是不是有帮助呢?如果你的考试时间不是太多了话，那么从现在开始就可以对照这个计划来进行。当然，如果你觉得其中还有哪些需要优化的部分，那么你可以根据自身的情况来制定计划，这里仅供大家参考。