Unit4新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程2

　　Unit 4 Text A New words and Expressions

　　1. respect: n.a particular point or detail

　　Grace was a fine woman — perfect in almost every respect.

　　Collocations: in this respect在这个方面 in every respect 在各个方面

　　in some respects 在有些方面 in any respect 在任何方面 in no respect绝不

　　2. as regards:on the subject of; concerning

　　Could you elaborate on your government policy as regards environmental protection?

　　There are no special rules as regards what clothes you should wear.

　　至于应该穿什么衣服, 并没有硬性规定。

　　3. cut off:

　　① to cause sb. to die sooner than is normal 使夭折

　　Disease cut Smith off in the best part of his life

　　② to remove sth. (from sth. larger) by cutting切下 He cut off a metre of cloth from the roll. ③ to stop, interrupt or isolate中断 Several villages have been cut off by the snow. ④ to separate sth. by cutting it away from the main part 切断 Don’t cut your fingers off!

　　4. inquire: v.to ask for information

　　She inquired of me most politely whether I wished to continue

　　Collocations

　　inquire about查问；查明 inquire after问候；问安

　　inquire for查询(货物)；求见 inquire into查究；调查

　　CF: ask, demand, inquire question这些动词均含有“问”，“询问”之意。

　　ask最为普通，可与demand, inquire和question换用，但ask用于口语中，指提出问题让人回答。例如：

　　demand指根据自己的权利、职责或身份认为有必要弄清情况而正式发问，常隐含命令对方回答的意味。例如：

　　inquire比较正式，指为得到真实情况而详细询问或调查了解。例如：

　　question指因感到可疑或为了解情况，弄清究竟而发问，有时指一连串的发问。例如：

　　5. part: v.to separate or divide

　　If we must part, I hope we can be friends.如果我们必须分手，我希望我们分了手还是朋友。

　　6. exclaim: v.to cry out suddenly and loudly for pain, anger, surprise, etc.

　　He could not help exclaiming at how much his son has grown.

　　CF: cry, shout, exclaim scream这些动词的均有“喊”，“叫”之意。

　　cry一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。

　　shout指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、不满、发命令或唤起注意等。

　　exclaim多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。

　　scream指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出尖叫声

　　7. keen: adj. 1) sharp, active, sensitive

　　Dogs have a keen sense of smell.

　　2) intense, strong, deep

　　After retirement, he had a keen sense of loss. 退休后，他有一种强烈的失落感。

　　3) eager, enthusiastic She was not very keen on football.

　　CF: sharp, acute keen 这些形容词均有“锐利的”，“敏锐的”，“机敏的”之意。

　　sharp指思路、视觉、听觉等方面的灵敏、敏锐。例如：It’s very sharp of you to have answered such a question. 你真够机敏的，能回答这个问题。

　　acute指五官、感觉、心智等方面的敏锐、深刻，一般可与sharp换用。例如：

　　Rabbits have an acute sense of hearing. 兔子有敏锐的听觉。

　　keen和sharp, acute一样，都可表示心智、感觉等方面的敏锐。例如：The old man has a keen sight. 这个老人目光锐利。

　　8. on the grounds that …:for the reason that …

　　I had to retire on the grounds that I was ill.

　　9. guard against:to prevent sth. from happening

　　In these circumstances he must guard against pessimism.

　　Hidden arrows are difficult to guard against. 暗箭难防。

　　Collocations:

　　guard against disease 预防疾病 guard against bad habits 杜绝陋习

　　guard against suspicion避免嫌疑

　　10. undue: adj. more than is reasonable, suitable or necessary

　　Don’t treat the matter with undue haste. 不要过急地处理那个问题。

　　11. cling: vi.to hold tightly; refuse to give up

　　Small children cling to their mothers.

　　Cling to life and be scared of death. 贪生怕死。

　　12. suck: v. 1) take (liquid or air, etc.) into the mouth by using the lip muscles

　　Bees suck honey from flowers.

　　Do not teach your grandmother to suck eggs. 用不着教你的祖母如何吸食鸡蛋。不要班门弄斧。

　　2) to absorb

　　Plants suck up moisture from the soil

　　3) to pull sb. or sth. with great power and force it into or out of a particular place

　　He was sucked into a life of crime.

　　13. indifferent: adj.

　　1) not caring about or noticing; not interested in

　　The explorers were indifferent to dangers of the expedition.

　　探险家们将征途上的危险置之度外。

　　2) not particularly good; mediocre; fairly bad

　　an indifferent book质量较差的一本书 an indifferent cook手艺平平的厨师

　　Pattern:be indifferent to / towards

　　14. render: vt. 1) to give, present or offer

　　We call on you to render assistance.

　　Render good for evil. 以德报怨

　　2) cause sb. or sth. To be in a particular condition

　　His fatness renders him unable to touch his toe.他身体肥胖到摸不到自己的脚趾。

　　15. oppress: vt.1) to rule unjustly or cruelly

　　Women were often oppressed by men in the past.

　　2) to cause sb. to feel worried, uncomfortable

　　The threat of war oppressed us all.战争的威胁使我们忧心忡忡。

　　16. cheat: v.

　　1) to deceive or trick It’s immoral to cheat in a test. 考试作弊是不道德的。

　　2) to take sth. from (sb.) deceitfully

　　They were cheated of victory. 他们的胜利之果被别人骗走了。

　　Pattern: cheat sb. (out) of sth.

　　注意该词的词性变化，它的名词为：cheat 。

　　CF: cheat, deceive, trick fool这些动词均含有“欺骗”之意。

　　cheat较为普通，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中骗人。例如：He cheated the old woman out of her money. 他骗了老妇人的钱。

　　deceive指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。例如：We were deceived into believing he could help us. 我们受骗了，还以为他会帮助我们。 trick指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。例如：She tricked me into admitting responsibility. 她哄骗我承担责任。

　　fool指把某人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗某人。例如：Don’t fool me again. 别又把我当傻瓜。

　　17.achieve: vt. 1) to complete or accomplish; to get (sth.) done

　　You will never achieve anything if you don’t work harder.

　　2) to gain or reach by effort

　　One who wants to achieve everything will achieve nothing.

　　想一切都成的人必将一事无成。

　　CF: accomplish, achieve, fulfill complete这些动词均含有“完成”之意。

　　accomplish指成功地完成了规定的工作、计划、任务等，侧重强调达到预期目的的整个过程。 achieve指通过持续的努力而完成或实现，特别强调由于非常努力，克服困难后达到目的。 fulfill指达到预定的目标，如计划的完成、职责的履行、诺言的实现、任务的完成等。 Complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分。

　　18. overcome: vt.1) to successfully control a feeling or a problem that prevents you from achieving sth.; to defeat

　　He overcame a strong temptation to take drugs again. 他抵制了再次吸食毒品的强烈诱惑。

　　2) (of smoke or gas) makes sb. sick or unconscious

　　He was sent to hospital after he was overcome by gas fumes.

　　Collocations:

　　be overcome by fatigue筋疲力尽 be overcome by grief 悲伤过度

　　be overcome by emotion 不胜感触 be overcome by liquor醉酒

　　be overcome by fumes被烟薰倒

　　19. recede: vi.to move back or away

　　The tides advance; the tides recede. 潮起潮落。

　　20. merge: v. 1) to combine; to join things together to form one thing

　　The bank merged with its major rival. 这家银行和其主要对手合并了。

　　2) to fade or change gradually

　　The water and the sky merge in one color. 水天一色。

　　21. carry on:

　　1) to continue (doing sth.) We carried on with our discussion.

　　2) to conduct or take part in It’s difficult to carry on a conversation at a noisy party.

　　3) to manage Rising costs made it hard to carry on the business.

　　4) to flirt with or have a love affair with She was carrying on with his boss.