教师资格考试中学英语知识点讲解四

　　中小学教师职业道德规范教师资格证报名条件 【词条1】raise

　　【点拨】vt. 可意为招募，筹措(金钱)。如：

　　It voted to raise 100，000 troops immediately.

　　He asked me to write a leaflet to raise money for Hope Schools.

　　【拓展】raise还可意为举起；增加，提高；提出；抚养，饲养；引起。如：

　　The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.

　　The boss has promised to raise their pay.

　　He was so angry as to raise his voice.

　　The question was raised at the meeting. I was raised by my aunt on a farm.

　　The discussion raised our interest.

　　【辨析】raise rise两者都可以表示上升；增长之意，不同的是raise是及物动词，rise是不及物动词。如：

　　On Monday morning， we were watching the children raising the national flag and we saw it rising slowly in the wind.

　　【词条2】regret

　　【点拨】regret可用作动词，意为懊悔，惋惜；遗憾，后接名词、代词、that从句、不定式、动名词等。如：

　　I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret that I cant attend the party.

　　We regret to inform you that you failed again.

　　We have deeply regretted selling the farm.

　　注意：其后接动词-ing形式和动词不定式时意思有区别。试体会：

　　I regret to tell you that I have no news for you. (遗憾要做某事)

　　I regret telling Tom the truth. (后悔做了某事)

　　【拓展】regret也可作名词，意为遗憾，后悔；歉意。如：

　　We decided with great regret that we couldnt offer you the position.

　　feel no regret at对不感到遗憾

　　much to ones regret使某人非常遗憾的是

　　express ones regret at对表示遗憾

　　【词条3】forgive

　　【点拨】vt.vi.意为原谅，宽恕，常用于结构forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.，也可以接双宾语。如：

　　I will never forgive you for what youve ever done to me.

　　Eventually， she forgave him the bad behavior.

　　【拓展】forgiveness n.原谅，宽恕，饶恕forgiving adj. 宽大的，仁慈的

　　经典短语透视

　　【短语1】keep in touch (with)

　　【点拨】keep in touch (with sb.)意为(与某人)保持联系，也可写作stay / be in touch (with sb.)。如：

　　This is my card. Lets keep in touch.

　　Ive kept in touch with most of my classmates in the middle school.

　　【拓展】与touch相关的常见搭配还有：get in touch with与取得联系；lose touch with / be out of touch with与失去/ 没有联系。如：

　　We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan.

　　Write to me as often as you can. I dont want to lose touch with you.

　　【短语2】knock over

　　【点拨】knock over意为撞倒，击倒。如：

　　A drunken driver knocked over nine people， causing five deaths.

　　【拓展】与knock相关的短语还有：knock down打倒，推倒；knock off停止，中断；knock out击败，击倒。如：

　　He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist.

　　We knocked off work for tea.

　　Our team was knocked out in the first part of the competition.

　　【短语3】make up

　　【点拨】make up可意为和好。如：

　　I found it hard to make up with Joan after we quarreled about the beautiful stamp.

　　【拓展】make up还有以下常用意思：

　　You shouldnt believe him. He is making the whole thing up. (编造)

　　Whoever attends the ball is supposed to make up. (化妆)

　　You must make up the work you missed. (补上)

　　热点语法聚焦

　　1. 非谓语动词的完成式having done的用法

　　非谓语动词的完成式having done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。其否定式为not having done。如：

　　Having been criticized by the teacher， he gave up smoking.

　　Not having studied his lessons very hard， he failed the examinations.

　　分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：

　　He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.

　　The question being discussed is very important.

　　2. 非谓语动词的-ing形式和to do形式的区别

　　有些动词既能接不定式，又能接-ing形式，含义有所不同。如：

　　(1) forget， remember， regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作，而后接-ing形式作宾语表示动名词动作先于谓语动作。如：

　　Do you remember seeing me before？ 你记得以前见过我吗？

　　Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。

　　(2) 动词mean， stop， try， go on等动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语，意思也有所不同。如：

　　I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。

　　Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

　　误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。

　　(3) 动词allow， advise， forbid， permit等可直接跟-ing形式作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：

　　Please permit me to say a few words.请允许我说几句话。

　　We dont permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。

　　(4) 动词need， require， want作需要解时，后面接-ing分词或不定式被动式。如：

　　These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully.

　　这些小孩需要细心地照料。

　　(5) 动词like， hate， prefer等后面，如表示一般性动作，多用-ing形式；如指特定的具体的某次动作，多用不定式。如：

　　I like swimming， but I dont like to swim with you.

　　我喜欢游泳，但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。