历年考研英语86-09

1986
Section II Reading Comprehension
Text 1
①There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. ②You find these careers in
engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. ③But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take
in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. ④There is, in other words, a demand for
people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. ⑤We can call these people
“generalists.” ⑥And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other
people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people?s work, to begin it and judge it.
①The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. ②He is a “trained” man; and his educational
background is properly technical or professional. ③The generalist — and especially the administrator — deals with people; his
concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. ④He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his
strongest foundation. ⑤Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. ⑥And very rarely is a good generalist also a
good specialist in particular field. ⑦Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in
different proportions. ⑧It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to
plan your career accordingly.
①Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. ②Certainly you should not change jobs
constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. ③At the same time you must not look upon the first
job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.
11. There is an increasing demand for ________.
[A] all round people in their own fields
[B] people whose job is to organize other people?s work
[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional
[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others
12. The specialist is ________.
[A] a man whose job is to train other people
[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields
[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees
[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters
13. The administrator is ________.
[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist
[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest
[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities
[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist
14. During your training period, it is important________.
[A] to try to be a generalist
[B] to choose a profitable job
[C] to find an organization which fits you
[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist
15. A man?s first job ________.
[A] is never the right job for him
[B] should not be regarded as his final job
[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job
[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job

Text 2
①At the bottom of the world lies a mighty continent still wrapped in the Ice Age and, until recent times, unknow n to man.
②It is a great land mass with mountain ranges whose extent and elevation are still uncertain. ③Much of the continent is a
complete blank on our maps. ④Man has explored, on foot, less than one per cent of its area. ⑤Antarctica differs