重金属螯合剂对水体中重金属离子的去除性能研究

南昌航空大学

硕士学位论文

重金属螯合剂对水体中重金属离子的去除性能研究

姓名：戴玉芬

申请学位级别：硕士

专业：环境科学

指导教师：吴少林

20070601

南昌航空大学硕士学位论文 摘要

摘 要

重金属废水的污染已经成为世界性的严重危害。对重金属废水的处理一般采用化学沉降、离子交换、吸附等技术。近年来对具有特别选择性、螯合离子能力强的高分子螯合剂的研究正与日俱增。高分子螯合剂因其分子结构上的羧基、羟基能与金属离子形成配位键而具有极强的螯合能力，被广泛用于工业废水的处理、贵金属的回收。

利用KS-3、KS101、NKC-60、NFSH等四种重金属螯合剂及Na2S，通过改变螯合剂的投加量及不同的药剂组合对模拟重金属废水、某电镀废水、铜矿废水进行处理，采用ICP测定残余离子含量，并对铜矿废水进行重金属的回收实验。

主要结论如下：

对模拟重金属废水处理效果最好的为NFSH，最佳投药量为理论剂量的1.4倍，且在此投加量时Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cr3+的残余离子含量为0.007mg/L、0.046mg/L、0.019mg/L、0.983mg/L，低于国家一级排放标准及一类污染物排放要求，其它三种螯合剂及Na2S均不能让所有离子在1.4倍投加量范围内让所有离子达标，处理效果不理想。沉淀沉降效果最好的为NFSH、NKC-60，不需要投加絮凝剂，就可以在45分钟的时候沉降百分率达到100％，其它药剂的沉降效果较差。

对电镀废水处理效果最好的为Na2S分别与KS101、NFSH结合的方法，只需分别投加0.028g的KS101和0.12g的NFSH就能让所有离子满足一级排放要求；其次为单独投加KS101、NFSH也能满足一级排放及一类污染物排放要求。其它几种方法处理效果不理想。

50ml废水只需投加对铜矿废水处理效果最好的为Na2S与NFSH结合的方法，

0.17gNFSH就能让水中的所有离子全部达标，而NKC-60、KS101在计算投加范围内均不能让废水中的离子全部达标，因此对该铜矿废水处理效果不理想。

对铜矿重金属离子回收效果最好的为Na2S与NFSH结合的方法，产生的污泥量少、重金属回收率高，因此该法回收重金属具有很好的应用前景。

可见，针对不同的重金属废水需投加不同种类、剂量的螯合剂才能他们达到理想的处理效果，因此螯合剂处理重金属废水具有一定应用前景

关键词: 重金属螯合剂，模拟重金属废水，电镀废水，铜矿废水，废水处理 I

南昌航空大学硕士学位论文 Abstract

Abstract

The heavy metal wastewater pollution has become the cosmopolitan hazard. In order to get rid of metal ions from wastewater effectually, some chemical techniques are used widely in the world by people nowadays. for instance, chemistry subsidence, ionic exchange and adsorption etc. In recent years, the researches of some specific ion polymer compounds which have the special selectivity and strong chelating ability are getting hotter and hotter. Because of its molecular structure include amido and hydroxyl which can be linked with transition metal ions then have the greatly strengthened chelating ability, chelating agent is extensively used for processing industrial wastewater recovering the precious metal and recovering the precious metal.

This article adopts KS-3, KS101, NKC-60, NFSH four chelating agent and Na2S to deal with heavy metal ions, The research discussed four kinds of chelating agent and Na2S which are experimented under different quantities of reagent and combination to simulation of heavy metal wastewater, a electroplating wastewater, a Copper Mine wastewater, uses ICP Determination of residual ion content, a Copper Mine as well as heavy metals in wastewater is recycled.

Main conclusions are listed as follows:

The best treatment effect of chelating agent to the simulation of heavy metal wastewater is NFSH which best quantities is 1.4 times of theoretical quantities, and the dosage when Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+ ion content of the residual is 0.007mg/L, 0.046mg/L. 0.019mg/L, 0.983mg/L, which below national standards and a pollutant emission requirements.The other chelating agent and Na2S can’t meet all ion discharge standards within 1.4 times dosage and treatment effect is not ideal. The best sedimentation effect of chelating agent is NFSH and NKC-60 which sedimentation percentage can reach 100% on 45-minute without adding flocculation agent, other sedimentation of reagent is less effective.

The best treatment method to the electroplating wastewater is Na2S with KS101 and NFSH combination method which is only adding 0.028g KS101, 0.12g NFSH and all ions meet the discharge requirements; followed by a separate adding KS101 and NFSH can also meet an emissions and a pollutant emission requirements. other methods II

南昌航空大学硕士学位论文 Abstract are not ideal.

The best treatment method to the copper mine wastewater is Na2S with NFSH combination method which 50mL wastewater is only adding 0.17g NFSH can meet all ions discharge standards. NKC-60 and KS101 can’t meet all the ion discharge standards in the calculation of dosage, the treatment effect is not ideal.

The best recycle method is Na2S with NFSH which has a lot of advantages such as sludge less, heavy metals recycle high. the recycle of heavy metal has a good prospect.

Different heavy metals in wastewater need adding different chelating agent and dosage, which can achieve the desired effect. Therefore utilizing chelating agent to treat heavy metal wastewater has excellent prospect.

Key words： Heavy metal chelating agent, simulation of heavy metal wastewater, electroplating wastewater, copper mine wastewater, wastewater treatment

III

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