职称英语考试卫生类考题

补全短文

阅读下面的短文，每篇短文后的练习分两部分，第一部分要求从所给的选项里选出所标段落的段落标题;第二部分要求根据文章的内容用所给的选项来完成句子。

第一篇 The Making of a Success Story

1 IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA.

2 IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ('E' and 'A'). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture1, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad's wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2, including watches, pens and stockings.

3 IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The fUrniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.

4 In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.

5 In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging3. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.

6 Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world's richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing.

词汇：entrepreneur /,entrəprə'nə:/ n.企业家 ware /weə/ n.货物 minimalist /'miniməlist / adj.最简单的 self-sufficiency /'self-sə'fiʃənsi/ n.自足

注释：1. minimalist furniture：风格简约的家具 2. discounted prices：折扣价 3. flat packaging：平板包装

练习：

1. Paragraph 2_________

2. Paragraph 3_________

3. Paragraph 4_________

4. Paragraph 5_________

5. Even when he was only a child, _________.

6. _________, and years later became a big company specialized in manufacturing and selling of furniture.

7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA's showrooms because _________.

8. As flat packaging saves money for both IKEA and the customers, _________

2014年综合类职称英语教材概括大意与完成句子

答案与题解：

1. C 第二段介绍了IKEA这个店名的来源以及它刚开始的时候是一家什么样的小杂货店

2. D 第三段讲了IKEA通过邮购方式销售自己设计、自己制造的家具，业绩喜人，从而扩大生产线，专事家具产销。

3. B 1953年IKEA引入展示厅的做法得到很好的反响，销售大大增加。

4. E Kamprad从别人拆卸家具中得到启发，于是试行销售平板包装的家具，既利己又利人，并使独立自行成为IKEA的一个特色。

5. C 时间状语从句告诉我们这里要讲的是Ingvar小时候的事情，文章的第一段就说了他从小就会做买卖。

6. A 这句话的后半句说IKEA几年以后才变成一家专营家具的公司，前半句很可能讲它的前身是什么。

7. E 这句的主句讲了顾客们喜欢IKEA的展示厅，从句用because引导，很清楚要求给出原因。

8. B 这句先给了原因，即平板包装对双方来说都省钱，那么结果便是双方都欢迎。

译文

第一篇 发迹史

宜家(IKEA)是世界上最大的家具零售商。它的幕后经营者是Ingvar Kamprad，可谓世界上最成功的企业家之一。Kamprad 1926年生于瑞典，天生就有做商人的资质。还是个孩子时，他就喜好卖东西，并在社区中通过售卖火柴、种子和铅笔赚了些小钱。Kamprad 17岁时，他父亲给了他一些钱作为考试成绩优秀的奖励。当然了，他用这笔钱做了生意，成立了宜家。

宜家这个名字取自Kamprad全名的首字母(I.K.)和他成长地名称的缩写(“E…‘A”)。

如今宜家以其现代、风格简约的家具而闻名，然而发家时它却不是一个家具公司。那时，它出售的商品五花八门。Kamprad销售任何可以打折低价出售并盈利的物件，包括手表、钢笔和长袜。

宜家最初在1947年通过邮寄产品目录来出售家具。这些家具都是由Kamprad家附近的生产商设计和制造的。起初的销售额非常喜人，所以Kamprad扩大了生产线。因为家具销售成为宜家非常重要的一个生意份额，宜家于1951年成为了专营家具公司。

1953年，宜家在瑞典的Almhult开立了第一家展示厅。今天宜家因其店面的大空间和家具的引人摆设而闻名，但在20世纪50年代初的时候，人们只是通过产品目录订购。所以宜家的首间展厅备受瞩目，因为人们十分乐意能够在购买之前亲眼看到并试用这些家具。这样的销售模式促进了销售额的增长，使得公司继续茁壮成长。截至1955年，宜家已开始独立地设计其所有的家具。

1956年，Kamprad看到有一个人通过拆解桌子来方便装运，从而受到启发。这个人让他灵光一闪，想出了平板包装的点子。平板包装对宜家意味着更低的货运费以及对客户而言更低的售价。宜家如此示范，销售额因此一路飙升。虽然顾客自己拼装家具有些麻烦，但是时间一长，这样的亲手操作倒成了宜家的强项。现今，宜家被视为有独立自行的风格。这样的形象为公司在销售额和经营规模上带来了奇迹般的效果。

今天宜家在32个国家开有超过200家分店。令人惊叹的是，Ingvar Kamprad设法将宜家保持为一家私有企业。2004年，他被冠名为世界上最富有的人。他如今住在瑞士，已脱离了宜家的日常经营。而宜家将继续成长。

第二篇 The Paper Chase

1. “Running a house is a lot like running a business,”says Stephanie Denton, a professional organizer based in2 Cincinnati, Ohio, who specializes in both residential and commercial paperwork and record keeping. To get a successful grip on3 organizing documents, bills, and other materials, Denton suggests the following tips：

2. Create a space in which you can always do your paperwork. This is perhaps the most important element of a successful system. If you can’t devote an entire desk to the task, at least invest in a rolling file cart to store active paperwork and a two-drawer file cabinet for family records. Store the rolling file cart wherever it is most convenient and comfortable to do your work, whether that is the kitchen, office, or family room4.

3. When in doubt, throw it out. The first step for implementing a workable filing system is to eliminate paper you don’t use, don’t need, or that you could easily access again elsewhere. Throw out duplicate statements, old catalogs, and all of the coupons, mailings, or offerings you’ll never have an opportunity to use or even read.

4. Set aside two days a month to pay bills. If a monthly due date doesn’t fit into your cycle, call up the creditor and suggest a more convenient date. Keep two manila folders5 at the front of your system for current bills — one to correspond with each bill-paying day — and file all incoming bills. Keep a list in the front of each folder of what needs to be paid in case6 the invoice never arrives or gets misplaced.

5. Think of your filing system not as a rigid tool, but as a living, breathing system that can accommodate your changing needs. A good filing system is both mentally and physically flexible. Everyone’s needs are different, says Denton, but when devising a filing system, ask yourself：“Where would I look for this?”Create main headings for your filing system, such as Investments, Taxes, Children, and so forth, and file individual folders under the main headings. Never overstuff your files.

词汇：

paperwork /'peɪpəwɜːk/ n.文书工作

overstuff /,əʊvə'stʌf/ vt.把……塞得过满

statement /'steɪtm(ə)nt/ n.账目

duplicate /'djuːplɪkət/ adj.复制的

correspond /kɒrɪ'spɒnd/ vt.与……一致、和谐或相配

mailing /'meɪlɪŋ/ n.邮件

incoming /'ɪnkʌmɪŋ/ adj.将要或正要进来的

creditor /'kredɪtə/ n.债权人

misplace /mɪs'pleɪs/ vt.把……放错地方

invoice /'ɪnvɒɪs/ n.发票

heading /'hedɪŋ/ n.标题

rigid /'rɪdʒɪd/ adj.呆板的,僵硬的

注释：

1. running a house:打理一所房子。“run”在这里是“管理”的意思。又如:He’s been running a restaurant since he left school.

2. base... in...:在……为……设立基础、提供基础。又如:They based the new company in Portland.

3. get a grip on:抓住,控制,掌握。又如:getting a grip on the new technique.

4. family room:家庭游艺室,指用于家庭成员娱乐的房间

5. manila folders:马尼拉折叠夹

6. in case :万一。又如：Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.

练习：

1. Paragraph 2 __________

2. Paragraph 3 __________

3. Paragraph 4 __________

4. Paragraph 5 __________

A Find a Place to Work on

B Implementing a Workable Filing System

C What Is a Good Filing System

D How to Invest in a Rolling File Cart

E Get Rid of Unimportant Things

F Dealing with Bills

5. Stephanie Denton is expert __________.

6. You can put your file cart anywhere you like, on condition __________.

7. Coupons should be thrown away because __________.

8. “Mentally flexible” indicates the fact __________.

A they are useless

B in paper chase

C that it is easily reached

D that different people have different requirements

E they are not comfortable

F in investing in coupons

答案与题解：

1. A这段第一句是主题句,讲的是要为整理文件找到工作空间。

2. E这段谈及的是,没有用的文如各种复印件、旧索引、优待券等,要及时扔掉。

3. F这一段讲的是如何处理账单。

4. C这段讲的是一个好的档案系统应具备的两个条件:既要灵活又要条理清晰。

5. B Stephanie Dentcm非常擅长整理档案,所以B是答案。虽然F在语法上讲得过去,但优待券不是可进行投资的东西,所以也就不存在是否擅长做此事的问题。

6. C文中提到,档案车放在什么地方都可以,前提是使用方便。

7. A文章说,优待券没什么用,所以应该扔掉。

8. D文章的最后一段谈到,好的档案系统要有心理和身体两个方面的灵活性,接下去又说,每个人的需要都是不同的。所以答案是D。

译文

第二篇 文件整理

Stephanie Denton是俄亥俄州辛辛那提地区的职业筹划人，专门负责居民和商业部分的文书和记录工作。他说， “打理房子更像做生意”。如何成功地组织文件、账单和其他材料，Denton提供了如下建议：

创造一个可以一直做文书工作的空间。这或许是一个成功机制的最重要的部分。如果你没有整张桌子的话，至少要有一个可以移动的小车来储存那些经常使用的文书，还要有一个带两个抽屉的柜子来存放家庭记录。把这个可移动的小车放在你工作最方便、最舒适的地方，无论是厨房、办公室还是家庭游艺室。

当有怀疑的时候，就把它扔出来。建立一个可行的档案系统，首先要把那些你不用、不需要或者你可以在其他地方轻易得到的文件扔掉。扔掉那些复件、旧索引和所有你永远不会有机会使用甚至阅读的优待券、邮件和礼券。

每个月留出两天时间付账单。如果每个月的结账日期不适合你，打电话给你的债权人并建议换一个更方便的日期。建立一个与每个结账日相对应的账单系统，在你当前的账单系统前放两个马尼拉折叠夹来整理所有进来的账单。在每个需要付账的文件夹前列一个清单以防发票没到或者放错了地方。

你的档案系统不是一个严格的工具，而是一个活生生的、能够呼吸的、能适应你不断变化需要的系统。一个好的档案系统要有心理和身体两个方面的灵活性。Denton说，每个人的需要都是不同的，但是在设计档案系统前问问自己，“我要到哪儿去找它呢?”为你的档案系统加上主要的标题，比如投资、税务、孩子等，然后将文件夹分类放在标题下。不要把你的文件夹塞得过满。

第三篇：English and English Community

1 There is no denying that1 English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England. Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity2 to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.

2 A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the conimunity share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in aneighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.

3 We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience3, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.

4 English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.4 English has been adoptedas the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.

5 Learning a second language extends one's vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture;5 a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.

词汇：

originally /ə'ridʒinəli/ adv.就起源而论;起初

boundary /'baundəri/ n.边界;界限

fictional /'fikʃənəl/ adj.小说的，虚构的

uniformity /,ju: ni'fɔ:miti/ n.统一性

alternative /ɔl'tə: nətiv / adj.选择的，替代的

heritage / 'heritidʒ/ n.遗产;继承物

注释：

1. There is no denying that…：毫无疑问……

2. uniformity：一致性。uniformity是uniform的名词形式。全句译为：最终，这种语言具有足够的统一性，致使所有在英格兰居住的人都能使用。

3. for convenience：意为“为了……方便起见”

4. English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.对世界上许多在国际交往中把英语作为第二语言的国家来说，英语是在公共活动的几个领域中可供选用的语言之一。

5. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture.第二语言记载的历史和文学记述了一个民族真实和虚构的生活和文化。句中history和real lives相对应，literature和fictional lives相对应。

练习：

1. Paragraph 2_________

2. Paragraph 3_________

3. Paragraph 4_________

4. Paragraph 5_________

A The Wide Use of English

B Historical Account of English and Its Community

C The Advantages of Learning a Second Language

D The Composition of the English Community

E The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages

F The Definition of a Speech Community

5. Only through the shared language_________.

6 The idea of the national boundaries is often different from_________.

7. Speakers are classified into two groups_________.

8. An understanding of English_________.

A that of a speech community

B can a speech community be formed

C in order to learn English better

D for the sake of simplicity

E has played an important role in the field of education

F is widely used in several areas of public activity

答案与题解：

1. F 此段解释何为语言群体，最后一句话是关键，可以看做是语言群体的定义。

2. D 此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人，所以用composition“构成”一词。

3. A 此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。

4. C 此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处，最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。

5. B 答案来自第一段最后一句，说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以only开头的句子谓语部分要求使用倒装句。

6. A 第二段第四句话表明国界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that用来替代the+有关前述名词，以避免重复。

7. D 第三段第二句表明，为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。for the sake of指“出于……的考虑”。

8. E 第四段最后一句话表明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。

译文

第三篇 英语和英语群体

毫无疑问英语是一种有用的语言。现在说英语的人构成了除了说汉语者之外最大的语言群体。最初他们是从北欧定居英格兰的一些小部落。他们的语言变得越来越相似。最终，这种语言具有了足够的统一性，致使所有在英格兰居住的人都能使用。人们由于共享同一种语言而组成一个语言群体。

一个语言群体和其他类型的群体相似。构成这个群体的人共同使用一种语言。通常他们彼此相邻，就像四邻、一个村庄或城市那样。通常他们组成一个国家。然而国界并不一定是一种语言群体的分界线。一个语言群体是讲同一种语言的人群，无论他们住在哪里。

我们可以说讲英语的人都属于英语语言群体。为了方便起见，我们可以把说英语的人分为两类：第一类中讲话者把英语作为他的母语，另一类中讲话者因为教育、商业等目的把英语作为第二语言来学。

对世界上许多在国际交往中把英语作为第二语言的国家来说，英语是在公共活动的几个领域中可供选用的语言之一。英语被用作空中交通、商业和国际外交的语言。而且，英语是世界上大部分出版物所用的语言，因此教育开始严重地依赖对英语的理解。

学习第二语言能开阔人的眼界和拓宽人的思维。第二语言记载的历史和文学记述了一个民族真实和虚构的生活和文化;了解它们能够提高我们的理解力，并且像他们那样去感受。

把英语作为第二外语来学可以提供另一种交流途径，通过这个途径整个英语语言群体的窗口就成为我们的文化遗产的一部分。

第四篇：Alaska

1 In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state1, symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867, when the peninsula was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1 ,500 ,000 square kilometers "of icebergs and polar bears”一beyond Canada's western borders, far from the settled areas2 of the United States.

2 In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth3, which is pennanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.

3 Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.

4 Arctic AJsi, icsi has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait4, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741.The Eskimos are the state's earliest known inhabitants5. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.

5 In 1896 gold was discovered near the Kiondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the US mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.

6 The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.

词汇：

symbolize /'simbəlaiz/ v.象征

peninsular /pe'ninsjulə/ n.半岛

hectare /'hekta:(r)/n.公顷

range/reindʒ/v.(在一定范围内)变化，变动

fur-bearing /fə:'beəriŋ/ adj.有毛皮的

lumber/'lʌmbə ( r)/n.伐木，木材

pulp /pʌlp/ n.木浆

注释：

1. In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state. 1959年美国人欢迎阿拉斯加成为美国的第49个州。the Union指美国南北战争时期支持联盟政府的各州，此处即指美国。

2. the settled areas：已有人定居的地区

3. Ice masses lie buried in the earth：地下埋藏着巨大的冰块。注意这里动词lie的用法，这里lie作半系动词用，既有动词的实义，同时又起系动词的作用，后面跟的buried是它的补语或称表语。

4. Bering Strait：白令海峡

5. the earliest known inhabitants：已知的最早的居民，也可说the earliest inhabitants known。

练习：

1. Paragraph 3_________

2. Paragraph 4_________

3. Paragraph 5_________

4. Paragraph 6_________

A Rich Resources of the State

B Connections with the Outside

C Transportation Problem

D The Natives of the Land

E Cold Climate

F Land and Population

5. For as long as three months of a year, the sun_________on the ice-covered land of Alaska.

6. According to statistics，_________ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.

7. Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought_________.

8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth_________.

A as fish does

B because of its rich natural resources

C by the United States in the 19th century

D shines day and night

E only a very small percentage

F a limited amount of the gold found there

答案与题解：

1. F 这段不长，但提供了一些有关阿拉斯加面积和人口的数字。

2. D 本段介绍了爱斯基摩人最早是怎样来到阿拉斯加并成为这片土地永久的居民的。

3. C 这一段的开始虽然谈了淘金热的情况，但主要讲的还是阿拉斯加和外界的联系，以及它的不那么方便的交通情况。

4. A 这段介绍了阿拉斯加的几种主要的自然资源，包括鱼类、木材、裘皮、石油等。

5 D 本句中缺少谓语动词，在所给的六个选项中只有shines是单数第三人称的动词，后面所跟的状语day and night符合文中内容：the midnight sun never sets.

6. E 本句的主语不完整，of前面缺少一个名词短语，从内容上看应填入E。

7. C but后面的被动语态的句子使我们很自然就想到或许应该有一个by短语。

8. A 句中出现as much wealth，后面很可能还会有一个as引导的句子，否则比较的意义不完整。

译文

第四篇 阿拉斯加

1959年美国人欢迎阿拉斯加成为美国的第49个州，这表明美国人的态度与1867年刚把这个半岛从俄罗斯手中买来时的态度相比有了转变。那个时候，大多数美国人对这块150万平方公里冰山和北极熊的土地不感兴趣。它在加拿大的那一头，远离美国有人居住的地区。

阿拉斯加州在北极圈里的部分仍旧是冰山和北极熊出没的地方。巨大的冰块被埋在地下，这里永久的冻土层有90米或者更深。从5月初到8月初，午夜的太阳从不离开这个平坦、连一棵树都没有的地带。然而这时的太阳只能晒化2/3米深的冻土层。

阿拉斯加是美国最大的州，而居民却只有32.5万人j据估计，这里只有80万公顷土地适合耕种，然而正在开发的却只有64万公顷。

阿拉斯加处于北极地区的部分千百年来就是爱斯基摩人的家园。据说最早的爱斯基摩人是从蒙古或西伯利亚穿过白令海峡到这里来的。白令海峡因丹麦船长威塔斯•白令而得名。

白令船长在1741年为俄罗斯所做的一次航行中发现了阿拉斯加。爱斯基摩人是已知的阿拉斯加最早的居民。俄罗斯皮毛商在这里建立了居民区。然而，当阿拉斯加被卖给美国人的时候，他们大多离开了这里。 、1896年在靠近阿拉斯加的加拿大边境的克朗代克河附近发现了金子。成千上万的美国人在奔赴克朗代克河的路上到了这个地区，有些人就再也没返回。阿拉斯加与其他地方完全隔离的情况结束了，可是即使是在今天，运输仍然是主要问题。只有两条公路通往美国本土，而州内各市都有自己的机场。飞机将乘客、邮件和货物送到最偏远的村落。

给阿拉斯加的生活带来突变的金子很快就被采光了。虽然那些关于矿区营地的故事被写进文学作品，然而阿拉斯加的金子对经济发展的贡献远不如阿拉斯加水中的鱼。那里一年捕到的鱼能卖8 000万到9 000万美元。皮毛类动物在溪流和森林里多的是，水里有皮毛昂贵的海豹。仅次于捕鱼业的是木材业和木浆生产。近几年来阿拉斯加最重要的资源是石油。阿拉斯加还有丰富的煤、铜、金以及其他矿物。

第五篇US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty

1 The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world. Health and Human Services Secretary Tommy Thompson signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) this week at the United Nations. The Senate must still approve the treaty before the US can implement its provisions.

2 The FCTC was developed by the World Health Organization and approved by members of the World Health Assembly，including the United States，last year. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.

3 For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack. The treaty calls for higher tobacco taxes, restrictions on smoking in public places, and more promotion of tobacco prevention and cessation programs. It also requires bans on tobacco advertising, though there are some exceptions for countries like the United States, where the Constitution prohibits such an outright ban.

4 The impact of the treaty could be huge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco use kills nearly 5 million people worldwide every year. In the US alone, about 440,000 people die each year from tobacco-related illnesses; about one-third of all cancers in the US are caused by tobacco use. If current trends continue, WHO estimates, by 2025 tobacco will kill 10 million people each year.

5 The treaty must be ratified by at least 40 countries before it can take effect. So far，109 countries have signed it, and 12 have ratified it.

词汇：

ratify ['rætɪfaɪ] vt 批准;认可

enact [ɪ'nækt] vt.使(法案等)成为法律;通过(法案等);颁布(法令等)

cessation [seˈseɪʃn] n.停止，休止

advertising [ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ] n.做广告,登广告

prohibit [prə'hɪbɪt] v.禁止;不准

outright ['aʊtraɪt] adj.完全的,彻底的

注释：

1. The United States has taken the first step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world.美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步。该协议有望在世界范围内控制使用烟草所产生的致命性影响。

2. Countries that ratify it would be required to enact strict tobacco control policies.批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。

3. For instance, cigarettes sold in those countries would have to have health warnings on at least 30% of the front and back of every pack.例如，在那些国家出售的香烟将必须在每包烟正反面至少30%的地方注明吸烟有害健康的警告。

练习：

1. Paragraph 2______

2. Paragraph 3______

3. Paragraph 4_____

4. Paragraph 5_____

A What the FCTC Demands

B US Signing of the FCTC

C Opposition to the FCTC

D How the FCTC Came into Being

E What the FCTC Will Bring about

F Ratification of the FCTC

5. Signing the FCTC is only the first step toward__________.

6. Countries that ratify the FCTC will have to, among other things, __________.

7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths__________.

8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that__________.

A have ratified it

B approving it

C implement its provisions

D restrict smoking in public places

E caused by tobacco use

F including higher tobacco taxes

答案与题解：

1. B文章第一段主要讲美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步，这一步指的就是美国本周在联合国签署了烟草控制框架性协议(FCTC)—事。

2. D文章第二段简要介绍了烟草控制框架性协议的形成过程。

3. A文章第三段列举了烟草控制框架性协议的一些具体要求。

4. E文章第四段通过列举吸烟所造成的危害旨在说明实施烟草控制框架性协议将产生的影响。

5. B通过文章的第一句可知，签署烟草控制框架性协议只是批准该协议的第一步。

6. D文章第二段说，通过烟草控制框架性协议的国家必须实施严格的烟草控制措施,而文章的第三段便列举了具体应实施的措施，其中便包括限制在公共场所吸烟。

7. E文章第四段的第一句说，实施烟草控制框架性协议将产生巨大的影响。接下来便列举了吸烟所造成的巨大危害。可见人们希望该协议的实施将大大减少吸烟所造成的危害，尤其是大量的死亡。

8. A从文章的第五段可知，签署烟草控制框架性协议的国家的数量大大超过通过该协议的国家的数量。

参考译文

第五篇美国签订了全球烟草协议

美国朝着批准一项全球性烟草协议迈出了第一步。该协议有望在世界范围内控制使用烟草所产生的致命性影响。卫生和人类服务大臣托米•汤普森本周在联合国签署了烟草控制框架性协议(FCTC)。在美国能够实施其条款之前参议院还必须要批准这个协议。

FCTC是由世界卫生组织制定的，并且是由世界卫生大会的成员们去年批准的，其中包括美国。批准该协议的国家将被要求制定严格的烟草控制政策。

例如，在那些国家出售的香烟将必须在每包烟的正反面至少30%的地方注明吸烟有害健康的警告。这个协议呼吁对烟草收取更多的税，限制在公共场所吸烟和进一步推动禁止烟草的计划。它还要求禁止烟草广告，但是对像美国这样的国家有例外，这些国家的宪法禁止这么直率的禁令。

这个协议的影响可能是巨大的。世界卫生组织估计世界上每年有500万人因为吸烟而死亡。仅在美国，每年大约有44万人死于与烟草相关的疾病;美国所有的癌症中约有1/3是因为吸烟导致的。如果目前的趋势持续的话，世界卫生组织估计，到2025年烟草将每年夺取一千万人的生命。

这个协议至少被40个国家批准才能生效。到目前为止，109个国家已经签订了这个协议，12个国家已经批准了它。