2014英语(上海卷)精校打印Word版 含答案

　　说明：原Word版本为付费网站下载,错误很多。对照原试卷的影印版/照片版,改正了99%的排版、缺词、少句、拼写、答案等错误。每份试卷花费的时间在三个小时以上。。。O(≧口≦)O

　　说明：原Word版本为付费网站下载，错误很多。对照原试卷的影印版/照片版，改正了99%的排版、缺词、少句、拼写、答案等错误。每份试卷花费的时间在三个小时以上。。。Ｏ(≧口≦)Ｏ

　　2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试

　　上海 英语试卷

　　考生注意：

　　1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

　　2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

　　所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

　　3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面

　　清楚地填写姓名。

　　第I卷 （共103分）

　　II. Grammar and vocabulary

　　Section A

　　Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

　　(A)

　　My Stay in New York

　　After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caf as a waiter. I believe that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.

　　Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.

　　Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I

　　1

　　说明：原Word版本为付费网站下载,错误很多。对照原试卷的影印版/照片版,改正了99%的排版、缺词、少句、拼写、答案等错误。每份试卷花费的时间在三个小时以上。。。O(≧口≦)O

　　eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.

　　(B)

　　The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop

　　Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.

　　Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.

　　Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.

　　He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37)______ (appropriate)

　　In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ (force) village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.

　　Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______these villages without a local shop.

　　III. Reading Comprehension

　　Section A

　　Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.

　　Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.

　　So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot

　　2

　　说明：原Word版本为付费网站下载,错误很多。对照原试卷的影印版/照片版,改正了99%的排版、缺词、少句、拼写、答案等错误。每份试卷花费的时间在三个小时以上。。。O(≧口≦)O

　　about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.

　　Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.

　　Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.

　　As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.

　　But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.

　　51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language

　　52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally

　　53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural

　　54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters

　　55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult

　　56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens

　　57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result

　　D. behaviour 58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion

　　59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance

　　60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes

　　61. A. prospect B. responsibility D. confesses C. leadership D. protection

　　62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease

　　63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained

　　64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful

　　65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret

　　3

　　说明：原Word版本为付费网站下载,错误很多。对照原试卷的影印版/照片版,改正了99%的排版、缺词、少句、拼写、答案等错误。每份试卷花费的时间在三个小时以上。。。O(≧口≦)O

　　Section B

　　Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

　　(A)

　　Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree?

　　Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and

　　behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from

　　birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often

　　helps them survive.

　　Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the hurt adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.

　　Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.

　　Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.

　　Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.

　　Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.

　　As children, many of us learn the saying You can't fool Mother Nature. But maybe you can't trust her, either.

　　66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.

　　A. getting closer to its young

　　C. leaving its young in another nest

　　67. By Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky (paragraph 5), the author means______.

　　4

　　B. driving away the adult predator D. pretending to be injured

　　说明：原Word版本为付费网站下载,错误很多。对照原试卷的影印版/照片版,改正了99%的排版、缺词、少句、拼写、答案等错误。每份试卷花费的时间在三个小时以上。。。O(≧口≦)O

　　A. chimps are ready to attack others B. chimps are sometimes dishonest

　　C. chimps are jealous of the winners D. chimps can be selfish too

　　68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

　　A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.

　　B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.

　　C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.

　　D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.

　　69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

　　A. Do animals lie? B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?

　　C. How do animals learn to lie? D. How does honesty help animals survive?

　　(B)

　　Let's say you want to hit the gym

　　more regularly this year. How do

　　make that happen? Consider

　　putting the habit loop to use.

　　Here's how it works:

　　A habit is a 3-step process. First,

　　there's a cue, something that tells

　　brain to operate automatically. Then

　　there's a routine. And finally, a

　　reward, which helps your brain

　　learn to desire the behavior. It's

　　what you can use to create----or

　　break----habits of your own.

　　Here's how to apply it:

　　Choose a cue, like leaving your

　　running shoes by the door, then pick. 5

　　you your a

　　说明：原Word版本为付费网站下载,错误很多。对照原试卷的影印版/照片版,改正了99%的排版、缺词、少句、拼写、答案等错误。每份试卷花费的时间在三个小时以上。。。O(≧口≦)O

　　reward----say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?

　　70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?

　　A. Pick a new cue. B. Form a new habit.

　　C. Choose a new reward. D. Design a new resolution.

　　71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.

　　A. changing the routine B. trying it for a week

　　C. adjusting your goal D. writing it down

　　72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?

　　A. To test out different kinds of cues.

　　B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.

　　C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.

　　D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.

　　73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour. What is the cue in this resolution?

　　A. The Harry Potter poster.

　　B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.

　　C. An English newspaper.

　　D. Watching TV for half an hour.

　　(C)

　　If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants, she said. That's the picture I remember best.

　　The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her

　　6

　　说明：原Word版本为付费网站下载,错误很多。对照原试卷的影印版/照片版,改正了99%的排版、缺词、少句、拼写、答案等错误。每份试卷花费的时间在三个小时以上。。。O(≧口≦)O

　　arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.

　　To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.

　　Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards----potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism----the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've put yourself in another's shoes you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.

　　The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms, says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone.

　　74. The word swapping (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.

　　A. building B. exchanging C. controlling D. transplanting

　　75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.

　　A. our feelings are related to our bodily experience

　　B. we can learn to take control of other people's bodies

　　C. participants will live more passionately after the experiment

　　D. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes

　　76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.

　　A. they fought strongly against racism

　　B. they scored lower on the test for racism

　　C. they changed their behaviour dramatically

　　D. they were more biased against those unlike them

　　77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.

　　A. technology helps people realize their dreams

　　B. our biases could be eliminated through experiments

　　7

　　说明：原Word版本为付费网站下载,错误很多。对照原试卷的影印版/照片版,改正了99%的排版、缺词、少句、拼写、答案等错误。每份试卷花费的时间在三个小时以上。。。O(≧口≦)O

　　C. virtual reality helps promote understanding among people

　　D. our points of view about others need changing constantly

　　II. Guided Writing

　　Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

　　学校英语报正在酝酿改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程飞，给校报编辑写一封电子邮件，表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容：

　　1. 你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；

　　2. 你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。

　　8